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Thomas Edison first experimented with motion picture techniques at his ôBlack Mariaö studio in Menlo Park, New Jersey. The studio, which could be rotated to follow the sun, was completed on February 1, 1893. Edison created a replica of Black Maria at the 1893 ChicagoÆs World Fair, and his film of another exhibitor - renowned belly dancer ôLittle Egyptö - became one of the first successes of early motion pictures. Although Edison is more widely known for other inventions, his pioneering movie-making stands as a unique contribution to the pictorial history of the United States. American, French and British inventors all experimented with motion picture machines in the late 1800s, and success came to several pioneers at the same time. Thomas EdisonÆs discovery did not come until 1889, after George Eastman developed flexible celluloid film. Edison was then able to make what he called a Kinetograph for taking motion pictures, and a Kinetoscope for viewing. In 1894 a Kinetoscope Parlor was opened in New York. The two rows of peep show machines were so successful that rivals began to appear on the scene. A machine to project pictures on a large screen was perfected, which increased the size of audiences and, consequently, brought in more money for the exhibitor. The Mutoscope was an early motion picture machine, a competitor to EdisonÆs Kinetoscope. The Mutoscope, first patented by Samuel D. Goodale in 1861, was a ôpeep showö machine: a single viewer peered in a hole and turned a crank, which rotated a rack of still images. As the images flipped by at high speed, they gained the illusion of motion. The American Mutoscope and Biograph Company was formed to exhibit these ômoving pictures.ö The term biograph referred to the camera, as well as to the projector which was developed to throw the images on the screen. res on a large screen was perfected, which increased the size of audiences and, consequently, brought in more money for the exhibitor. The first motion picture tricks were invented by George Melies, a French magician who saw movies as a mechanical extension of traditional illusion. Melies invented the double exposure, stop action, slow motion, animation, fades and other camera-related optical effects, and filmed stories which used them extensively. Audiences watched this new magic with enthusiasm, and MeliesÆ ideas quickly spread. Years later, special effects helped create such spectacular productions as The Wizard of Oz (1939), Gone With the Wind (1939), The Ten Commandments (1956) and Star Wars (1977). was perfected, which increased the size of audiences and, consequently, brought in more money for the exhibitor. Pre-World War I screen comedy reached its height with Mack Sennett and his Keystone Studio. In SennettÆs world, nothing was sacred; he ridiculed everything. Some of his favorite targets were authority figures, especially policemen. His famous bumbling Keystone Cops were constantly chasing lawbreakers, always with ridiculous results. They chased on foot, in cars, in trains, and on and off every possible means of locomotion. SennettÆs crazy automobile sequences, full of improbable dangers and hair-raising stunts, made audiences roar - and made the car chase a staple of American films. ed, which increased the size of audiences and, consequently, brought in more money for the exhibitor. As movies matured, so did audiences. After World War I, a new ôstar systemö began to emerge. Audiences found that they liked to see a favorite actor again and again in different stories. Studios found that this was an excellent way of drawing people to new films. People went to the movies to watch rip-roaring comedies, adventures, and tragedies - and to see their favorite stars. and off every possible means of locomotion. SennettÆs crazy automobile sequences, full of improbable dangers and hair-raising stunts, made audiences roar - and made the car chase a staple of American films. ed, which increased the size of audiences and, consequently, brought in more money for the exhibitor. Lillian Russell was born Helen Louise Leonard on December 4, 1861 in Clinton, Iowa. After years of vocal training, she made her stage debut as Lillian Russell in New York City. When she portrayed DÆJemma in ôThe Snakeö in 1881, Russell achieved stardom. Over the next few years, she became one of the most popular American stage stars and traveled widely, both in the U.S. and in Europe. She became the personification of the ideal woman: beautiful, graceful and talented. Sarah Bernhardt, born October 22, 1844, became one of the first truly world-renowned actresses. Her career spanned 60 years in France and throughout the world. Known mainly for her stage work, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. Mary Pickford was one of the first movie stars with international appeal. She was billed as ôAmericaÆs Sweetheart,ö not only because of her popularity and beauty, but also because she always played the sweet, innocent, lovable young girl. She occasionally tried to break away from this image, but usually gave in to public pressure and returned to the roles for which she was most loved. At the age of 27, in 1920, she played the twelve-year-old ôPollyannaö. and talented. Sarah Bernhardt, born October 22, 1844, became one of the first truly world-renowned actresses. Her career spanned 60 years in France and throughout the world. Known mainly for her stage work, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. In the early days of film, actors often took on roles with which they were identified for the rest of their lives. William S. Hart (1870-1946) was the screenÆs first cowboy. Though often seemingly villainous at the start, HartÆs characters proved to have big hearts. Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977) invented the persona of the lovable Little Tramp. Pearl White (1889-1938) gave movie fans a thrill with her escapes in shorts titled The Perils of Pauline. Ruth Roland (1892-1937) rivaled White as movie serial queen. became one of the first truly world-renowned actresses. Her career spanned 60 years in France and throughout the world. Known mainly for her stage work, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. When Charlie Chaplin first joined the Mack Sennett studio, he was an obscure actor with a vaudeville background who could play any comedy part that came along. After Chaplin invented the Little Tramp, and subsequently adopted the character permanently, he became universally famous. It was said of him, in this character: ôThey found him sly, cruel, pretentious, disdainful, crude, witty. They found a touch of madness in him, and a bottom of hard common sense. And behind this urban lover of nature, this hopeless, hoping lover who snapped his fingers at the universe, there was something that hurt.ö ance and throughout the world. Known mainly for her stage work, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. Max Linder became a popular French film comedian in the early 20th century. By 1910, his face was known around the world. After several years of success, Linder was drafted into the French Army, and became a World War I hero when he was injured by poison gas. However, after his service Linder was unable to recapture his old popularity and moved his career to the United States. He wrote, directed and starred in a series of short features, including Max Comes Across (1917) and Max in a Taxi (1917), developing a subtle style somewhere between slapstick and Charlie Chaplin. Unhappy in his personal life, Linder and his wife committed suicide in 1925. stage work, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. Some London landmarks have barely changed in a century. In 1896, Hyde Park Corner was one of LondonÆs most famous landmarks. Once part of a royal estate, Hyde Park was gradually converted to public use. It became famous for its marble arch at the northeastern park entrance and SpeakerÆs Corner, just south of the arch, which citizens could express their opinions on any (or every) subject. Overlooking Buckingham Palace, Hyde Park lay next to Kensington Gardens, separated only by the Serpentine Lake used for pleasure boating. ewhere between slapstick and Charlie Chaplin. Unhappy in his personal life, Linder and his wife committed suicide in 1925. stage work, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. Only 10 short weeks after it began as a dispute over Cuba, the Spanish-American War ended when a peace treaty was signed in Paris on December 10, 1988. Spain, utterly defeated, ceded the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States, giving America a new overseas empire. American losses were trifling by todayÆs standards: of more than 300,000 American officers and men in the war and its aftermath, 4,462 died. Only 379 were battle casualties; the remaining 4,083 deaths were attributed to disease and other causes. The immediate cost of the war was about $250 million. The American Ambassador to Britain, John Hay, called it ôa splendid little war.ö rk, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. New York began as New Amsterdam, a tight little island of 1,000 people living in 120 homes. By 1900, the small town had grown and changed its name to New York. The population was already close to two million, with another 300,000 souls commuting in every work day from places like Brooklyn, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Elevated steam trains were beginning to replace horse-drawn trolleys. And the tallest building in the city was 382 feet high. alties; the remaining 4,083 deaths were attributed to disease and other causes. The immediate cost of the war was about $250 million. The American Ambassador to Britain, John Hay, called it ôa splendid little war.ö rk, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. Easter was a big day in New York City of the year 1900. Churchgoers and fashion parade-goers assembled before 9:00 a.m.; so many waited to get into St. PatrickÆs Cathedral that there was not enough room to accommodate them. Easter was spent in the traditional manner: church services followed by a fashion parade up and down Fifth Avenue. There was a lavish display of ribbon, lace and silk, in many shades of green along with blue, lavender and flaming scarlet. Florists declared the demand for flowers was never greater. In Central Park, the walks were thronged with beautifully gowned women with their escorts. , John Hay, called it ôa splendid little war.ö rk, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. Since women in the early 1900s were not willing to make caricatures of themselves for even the short time necessary to take a morning swim, a bathing suit was only a part of the complete bathing outfit. The bathing suit had to have a degree of style and be both serviceable and becoming. Bathing was now an accepted vacation indulgence. When one considers the formality of womenÆs dress, the bathing costumes of 1906 were most revealing, ending daringly at the knees. ists declared the demand for flowers was never greater. In Central Park, the walks were thronged with beautifully gowned women with their escorts. , John Hay, called it ôa splendid little war.ö rk, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. The first streetcars appeared on New York City streets on November 14, 1832. By the early 20th century, construction had begun on what was to be one of the nationÆs first subway systems (which opened in 1904). Trolleys faded away, and so did the popularity of lower Broadway and Union Square as the busy amusement and business areas. Eventually, Times Square became the focal point of entertainment, and businesses moved north on Fifth Avenue. daringly at the knees. ists declared the demand for flowers was never greater. In Central Park, the walks were thronged with beautifully gowned women with their escorts. , John Hay, called it ôa splendid little war.ö rk, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. What grew to become New York CityÆs busy Times Square-Grand Central shuttle, began as the cityÆs first subway line in 1904. It was a 2,700 foot, three-track line. The first subway train ran on October 27, 1904, as the private Interborough Rapid Transit Company. By 1918, 14 years later, a rider could travel the length of Manhattan on the east side or west side, and the crosstown link became superfluous. However, the old line was kept as a crosstown shuttle service. sts declared the demand for flowers was never greater. In Central Park, the walks were thronged with beautifully gowned women with their escorts. , John Hay, called it ôa splendid little war.ö rk, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. Cowboys, comedy and love were popular subjects for early motion pictures. Love stories, often ôone-reelersö of ten minutes or less, frequently included visual special-effects flourishes like CupidÆs arrows piercing the young loversÆ hearts. Audiences never seemed to tire of courtship, marriage, and the traditional honeymoon at Niagara Falls. side or west side, and the crosstown link became superfluous. However, the old line was kept as a crosstown shuttle service. sts declared the demand for flowers was never greater. In Central Park, the walks were thronged with beautifully gowned women with their escorts. , John Hay, called it ôa splendid little war.ö rk, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. Brazilian-born aeronaut Alberto Santos-Dumont in 1898 became the first man to construct and fly a gasoline-motored airship, a cylindrical balloon with a gasoline engine. In 1901, his airship won a prize for making the first flight from St. Cloud, circling around the Eiffel Tower and returning to St. Cloud. The round-trip distance was approximately 4 miles. In 1903, at Neuilly, France, Santos-Dumont established the first airship base, where he kept his dirigibles. He turned to the construction of airplanes in 1905, and in 1906, less than a year after the Wright BrotherÆs first flight, he flew 715 feet (8 seconds) in a box-kitelike airplane. d little war.ö rk, Bernhardt also experimented in early films. A controversial and strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. From 1904 to 1905, the Russians and the Japanese fought a war over control of Manchuria and Korea. Two years of hard fighting exhausted the armies and resources of both countries. JapanÆs ally, Germany, and RussiaÆs allies, the United States and Britain, forced the two nations to negotiate. American President Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for mediating the Russo-Japanese peace treaty, which was signed on September 5, 1905 at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The Treaty of Portsmouth began the end of Russian Czarist power in the Far East and was one of the immediate causes of the Russian Revolution in 1905. The same treaty gave the Japanese a position of a world power and then encouraged its aggressive expansion. nd strong-willed woman, Bernhardt challenged directors and producers over contracts and roles. But her popularity with the public never faded. The Vanderbilt Cup Race was named for its founder, William K. Vanderbilt of New York. In 1904, Vanderbilt drew up the rules for his race: the circuit would be roads, not a track; the distance would be between 250 and 300 miles; and entries would be drawn from all the motoring nations of the world. In Nassau County, just beyond the city limits of New York. VanderbiltÆs men roped off a circuit of public highway about 30 miles around, most of it winding through meadows and forests. Vanderbilt then ordered a solid silver cup from his jeweler, hoping that this display of grandeur would shift the focus of road racing from Europe to Long Island. However, only two cars managed to reach the finish line of the first Vanderbilt Cup race October 8, 1904. George Heath drove a French Panhard to the win with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Theodore Roosevelt, his son Kermit, and a group of scientists spent 11 months in Africa on a hunting and scientific expedition during 1909 and 1910. Armed with big game rifles and 260 porters and guides, the party collected about 11,000 specimens for the zoological collection of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. Roosevelt himself downed six lions, two giraffes, a rhino, and a hippo. Roosevelt became passionately interested in nature as a young boy, collecting butterflies, birds and small animals. At age 12, he had been one of the first contributors to the newly opened American Museum of Natural History. urope to Long Island. However, only two cars managed to reach the finish line of the first Vanderbilt Cup race October 8, 1904. George Heath drove a French Panhard to the win with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Stock exchanges did not exist until 1773, when London brokers organized one as a place for formal exchange. Prior to that, the brokers met informally in coffee houses. In New York City, in the early 1900s, brokers congregated under an old buttonwood tree on Wall Street, long before the New York Stock Exchange building was constructed. As action grew, traders often overflowed into the street, creating a chaotic scene. nately interested in nature as a young boy, collecting butterflies, birds and small animals. At age 12, he had been one of the first contributors to the newly opened American Museum of Natural History. urope to Long Island. However, only two cars managed to reach the finish line of the first Vanderbilt Cup race October 8, 1904. George Heath drove a French Panhard to the win with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Although the first self-propelled steam vehicles were created as early as the 1760s in France, it wasnÆt until the 1880s and the creation of gasoline engines that the popular automobile became a reality. The worldÆs love affair with the auto began with the roar of the internal combustion engine, and continued undiminished throughout the 20th century. traders often overflowed into the street, creating a chaotic scene. nately interested in nature as a young boy, collecting butterflies, birds and small animals. At age 12, he had been one of the first contributors to the newly opened American Museum of Natural History. urope to Long Island. However, only two cars managed to reach the finish line of the first Vanderbilt Cup race October 8, 1904. George Heath drove a French Panhard to the win with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Yoshihito Mutsuhito was crowned emperor of Japan November 10, 1912. According to legend and myth, he was the 123rd in direct lineage from the Empire founded by Jimmu Tenno in 660 B.C. Yoshihito followed his father, the powerful Meiji, whose many reforms included abolishing the Japanese feudal system. During YoshihitoÆs reign, Japan joined the allies in World War I and became a world power of first rank. YoshihitoÆs son, Hirohito, became Regent in 1919 and remained on the throne until his death in 1989. mals. At age 12, he had been one of the first contributors to the newly opened American Museum of Natural History. urope to Long Island. However, only two cars managed to reach the finish line of the first Vanderbilt Cup race October 8, 1904. George Heath drove a French Panhard to the win with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. In 1914, society folk escaped pressures of wintry city life in the sun and sand of Miami, FloridaÆs famed resort. Andrew Carnegie, the steel magnate and philanthropist, was certainly well-qualified to join the crowd. Born November 25, 1835 in Dunfermline, Scotland, Carnegie came to America with his family when he was 13. With little formal schooling, Carnegie worked his way up from a bobbin boy in a cotton factory to one of AmericaÆs richest businessmen. By 1914, Carnegie had retired and was devoting himself to philanthropy, devoting large sums to promote peace and establish educational institutions. Carnegie died in 1919. o Long Island. However, only two cars managed to reach the finish line of the first Vanderbilt Cup race October 8, 1904. George Heath drove a French Panhard to the win with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. The Panama Pacific International Exposition opened February 20, 1915 in San Francisco, California. President Woodrow Wilson opened the event by wireless telegraph at noon, Pacific time. The Fair was opened in celebration of the completion of the Panama Canal the previous year. Three famous contemporary figures - naturalist Luther Burbank, inventor Thomas Edison, and auto maker Henry Ford - attended opening ceremonies and posed together for photographers. The opening dayÆs attendance broke all previous Exposition records, with 225,000 admissions recorded by 3 p.m. establish educational institutions. Carnegie died in 1919. o Long Island. However, only two cars managed to reach the finish line of the first Vanderbilt Cup race October 8, 1904. George Heath drove a French Panhard to the win with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. In 1915, Czar Nicholas II took personal charge of the Russian Army, leaving the countryÆs political affairs in the hands of his wife, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Alexandra was heavily influenced by her personal advisor, the famous ômad monkö Rasputin; his strange power over the Czarina and the household quickly undermined NicholasÆ authority. With the Army tired of war, and political affairs in a shambles, the government fell. Rasputin was assassinated and Nicholas was forced to abdicate on March 15, 1917. Nicholas and his family were held captive in the Czarskoye Selo Palace. With the advance of the 1918 counter-revolutionary forces, his enemies feared that Nicholas might be liberated. On the night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. The last emperor of Germany was Kaiser Wilhelm (William II), who lived from 1859-1941. Wilhelm, the cousin of King George V of England and Czar Nicholas II of Russia, dreamed of a similarly powerful German empire. Once he rose to the throne in 1888, the Kaiser eliminated all who stood in his way, among them Otto von Bismarck. It was during WilhelmÆs reign that German colonial expansion began with footholds in China, Africa and islands in the Pacific. Kaiser Wilhelm was certain Germany would emerge victorious from war, and did not hesitate to become involved in World War I. After GermanyÆs defeat, he was forced to relinquish his throne. , his enemies feared that Nicholas might be liberated. On the night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Eleven days after U.S. Marines helped Panama win its independence from Columbia in 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt negotiated a treaty with the new republic for the construction of the Panama Canal. A 10-mile wide strip across the isthmus was leased in perpetuity to the United States. Construction on the canal began in 1904, supervised by Colonel George Washington Goethals, with as many as 40,000 men digging the ôBig Ditchö at one time. Simultaneously, Dr. William Gorgas, American disease and sanitation expert, supervised a $20 million project to eliminate Yellow Fever in the area. Ten years later, the canal was completed at a total cost of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. William Frederick Cody was born in Scott County, Iowa on February 26, 1846. At the age of 13, Cody began work in the Colorado gold fields and the following year, 1860, he became a Pony Express rider. Cody became an army scout and hunted buffalo for railroad camps (where he earned the nickname Buffalo Bill). Cody became a popular figure in the west and was persuaded in 1872 to appear on the stage. Except for some time spent scouting against the Sioux in 1876, Cody spent the rest of his life in show business. In 1883, he organized his own troupe, Buffalo BillÆs Wild West Show, and toured both the U.S. and Europe to great acclaim. total cost of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. The end of the 19th century was an age of great sentimentality. Pictures, books, customs and manners centered around keepsakes, souvenirs, autographed albums and pillows. The styles of the day reflected this atmosphere: soft embroidery and lace, tucks, ribbons, parasols, plumes, trailing skirts and curved figure lines. Materials of the day included plenty of genuine silk and woolen fabrics. Many colors were used; black was thought to be in especially good taste. Every married woman owned at least one black water-silk or woolen dress for Sunday best, no matter what else her wardrobe contained. e U.S. and Europe to great acclaim. total cost of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Fashions in the first few years of the 20th century emphasized charm and dignity. Proper dress was formal dress, and although to the modern mind the styles may appear stilted and uncomfortable, the billowing skirts and tiny waists were considered feminine and seductive. Straight-front corsets helped create tiny waists not found in nature, and ruffles were worn to give more emphasis to the full bosom. Skirts swept the floors with elaborate trains. Clothes were not ôbought off the rackö as was the standard later; even lower-income people paid a seamstress to make, mend and alter their clothes. e U.S. and Europe to great acclaim. total cost of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Every occasion demanded a separate outfit in 1910. The wardrobe of a fashionable woman included breakfast gowns, walking dresses, tea gowns, matinee gowns, evening gowns, traveling coats, dust coats for motoring, bicycling habits and sports suits. The main difference between a gown and a dress was its length. A gown touched the ground and often trailed considerably, while a dress was designed for some form of exercise and was well off the ground, displaying a neat pair of boots or pointed-toed shoes as the occasion demanded. come people paid a seamstress to make, mend and alter their clothes. e U.S. and Europe to great acclaim. total cost of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. The arrival of the hobble skirt in 1911 did more than create a two-year fashion fad. The emphasis that the skirt placed on the feet suddenly created a demand for stylish womenÆs shoes. Shoes had previously been hidden under the flowing gowns and petticoats that were considered proper, and many shoes for women featured bulky straps and buckles, or ankle-high laces. Another innovation which later played a fashion role in many womenÆs lives, the tailored suit, first gained popularity at this time. It gave a tremendous impetus to the ready-made dress industry; and the sharp looks at a reasonable price gave fashion its first democratic aspect. st of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Gentleman Jim Corbett (1866-1933) pioneered a new school of boxing that emphasized technique instead of brawn. He was also a natural-born actor. After taking the heavyweight title from John L. Sullivan in 1892, Corbett made his debut in a play called Gentleman Jack. CorbettÆs manager, William A. Brady, accepted an offer from Thomas A. Edison for the fighter to appear in the first motion picture of a boxing match. In 1894, Corbett boxed six rounds before EdisonÆs Kinetoscope with Peter Courtney, a Jersey heavyweight, as his opponent. de dress industry; and the sharp looks at a reasonable price gave fashion its first democratic aspect. st of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Jim Jeffries was 6 feet, 2 inches tall and weighed 220 pounds when he was 16 years old. While working as an ironworker, Jeffries learned to box. After a few successful bouts, he was introduced to Billy Delaney, manager of heavyweight champion Jim Corbett. Jeffries became a sparring partner for Corbett, who was training for a fight with Bob Fitzsimmons at the time. When Delaney watched Jeffries spar with Corbett, he knew had found a potential champion. A few years later (1899), Jeffries surprised the boxing world by trouncing Fitzsimmons to win the heavyweight championship. at a reasonable price gave fashion its first democratic aspect. st of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. On June 9, 1899, James Jeffries defeated Robert Fitzsimmons at Coney Island, New York, for the heavyweight championship of the world. Fitzsimmons had won the crown from Jim Corbett in 1897 and had spent the following two years touring the country with a theatrical show. He cashed in handsomely on his fame, but was widely criticized for not fighting. Finally he agreed to fight the young challenger Jim Jeffries. Few experts gave Jeffries any chance of winning the bout. The hard-hitting Jeffries surprised Fitzsimmons with a knockout in the 11th round. yweight championship. at a reasonable price gave fashion its first democratic aspect. st of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Future heavyweight boxing champion Jack Johnson was born in Galveston, Texas on March 21, 1878. JohnsonÆs career in the ring lasted an amazing 28 years, from 1899 to 1927. In 1908 Jackson won the heavyweight championship from Tommy Burns, but he was soon widely criticized in America for his marriage to a white woman, as well as for his free-spending habits. Johnson lost the championship to ôwhite hopeö Jess Willard in 1915; in a fight some accused Johnson of losing on purpose. Still, many experts consider Jack Johnson the greatest all-around heavyweight of the century. He died in 1946. e price gave fashion its first democratic aspect. st of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. Burns started fighting in 1900, and in 1906 won a 20-round decision from Marvin Hart of Kentucky, who in 1905 had won the heavyweight championship that had been vacated by Jim Jeffries. Burns then proceeded to take on all comers; among them was Billy Squires. Their fight in 1907 was a pushover for Burns. Before many of the spectators had settled down in their seats, Burns stunned Squires with a knockout blow. Still, many fans felt Burns wasnÆt a proper heavyweight champion. In 1908, Jack Johnson stopped Burns in 14 rounds to become the new heavyweight champion. ntury. He died in 1946. e price gave fashion its first democratic aspect. st of $380 million. It was formally dedicated in 1915. e night of July 16, 1918, the entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. The New York Giants opened the 1906 season with a top-flight club led by their two stars, Christy Mathewson and Roger Bresnahan. Mathewson (1880-1925) won 373 games during his 16-year career and gained a reputation as the finest pitcher in all of baseball. He joined the Giants in 1900 and compiled a 0-3 record that year. He was farmed out to Norfolk because of his poor performance, but was later traded back to the Giants. He went on to win 20 games that year, and in 1903, 1904 and 1905 won 30, 33 and 31 games, respectively. Roger Bresnahan (1897-1944), the first catcher to wear shin guards, was a tough, heady performer who was held in high favor by Giants manager John McGraw because of his strong defensive leadership. e entire Royal family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. The 1908 season ended in a tie between the Giants and the Cubs for the National League championship, the result of a bizarre play on the last day of the season. After Giant hitter Al Birdwell singled in the winning run in the bottom of the ninth, rookie baserunner Fred Merkle ran off the field instead of touching second base. In the wild celebrations that followed, he was tagged out. Due to the chaos, the umpires declared the game a tie; the game would be replayed. If Merkle had touched second, the Giants would have won the pennant. On October 8, 1908, more than 80,000 fans jammed their way into New YorkÆs Polo Grounds for the crucial replay of the final game. The Cubs beat the Giants, and became the 1908 National League Champions. family was shot to death in a cellar at Ekaterinburg. with an average speed of 52.2 miles per hour. h the public never faded. The Baltimore Orioles of the 1890s featured a runt of a third baseman with large, floppy ears named John McGraw (1873-1934). McGraw first played professional baseball in 1890 in the New York-Pennsylvania League. The following year he moved to the Florida League, where he signed an American Association contract which included, ôboard, shaving and washing expenses, and a cigar a week.ö By the time he joined the Orioles (National League) in the 1891 season, he had a reputation as a tough and heady ballplayer who made up for his small size with his strong desire to fight. He is even better known for his great record as a manager with the New York Giants (1902-1932) and Baltimore Orioles (1899-1902). McGraw managed 4,879 games, of which his team won 2,840 and lost 1,984, for a percentage of .589. His teams won the World Series three times. h the public never faded. Tyrus R. Cobb was born on December 18, 1886 in Narrows, Georgia and died on July 17, 1961. CobbÆs 24-year career in baseball spanned the years 1905 to 1928; known as an aggressive competitor, he compiled a lifetime .367 batting average, the highest in baseball history. Honus Wagner was born in Carnegie, Pennsylvania, on February 24, 1874. Wagner looked nothing like a ballplayer. He was short and bowlegged, with huge hands and long arms that made him look somewhat like a ballplaying bear. Yet with Wagner playing the starring role, the Pittsburgh Pirates won three consecutive pennants from 1901-1903. He played in 2,786 games. Walter Johnson was perhaps baseballÆs greatest pitcher. He pitched from 1907 to 1927 with the Washington Senators, winning 416 games while losing 279, even though he rarely pitched for a good club. On Friday, September 4, 1908, pitching for the seventh place Senators, Johnson shut out the New York Yankees, 3-0. He shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. Plenty of the greatest players in baseball history played in its early years. And some of the most exotic names in baseball history were around then, too: Grover Cleveland Alexander; Pie Traynor; ôHome Runö Baker; Jimmy Foxx; Frank Frisch (the ôFordham Flashö), Goose Goslin. Perhaps thatÆs the kind of charm that made baseball endure through an entire century. like a ballplayer. He was short and bowlegged, with huge hands and long arms that made him look somewhat like a ballplaying bear. Yet with Wagner playing the starring role, the Pittsburgh Pirates won three consecutive pennants from 1901-1903. He played in 2,786 games. Walter Johnson was perhaps baseballÆs greatest pitcher. He pitched from 1907 to 1927 with the Washington Senators, winning 416 games while losing 279, even though he rarely pitched for a good club. On Friday, September 4, 1908, pitching for the seventh place Senators, Johnson shut out the New York Yankees, 3-0. He shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. On April 4, 1910, William Howard Taft became the first President of the United States to toss out the ball that opened the baseball season. Nearly every season since that time has opened with a similar event; chief executives as politically disparate as Franklin Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan found common ground at the ball park. President Bill Clinton joined the presidential first-ball club when he threw out the ball at the Baltimore OriolesÆ season-opener in April, 1993. ballplaying bear. Yet with Wagner playing the starring role, the Pittsburgh Pirates won three consecutive pennants from 1901-1903. He played in 2,786 games. Walter Johnson was perhaps baseballÆs greatest pitcher. He pitched from 1907 to 1927 with the Washington Senators, winning 416 games while losing 279, even though he rarely pitched for a good club. On Friday, September 4, 1908, pitching for the seventh place Senators, Johnson shut out the New York Yankees, 3-0. He shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. By the time Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office in 1933, the tradition of American presidents throwing out the baseball seasonÆs first ball was well-established. Roosevelt faced a small extra challenge, as a bout with polio years earlier had left him handicapped below the waist.. Nonetheless, FDR had no trouble ôflinging the first biscuitö on baseballÆs Opening Day in 1933. t-ball club when he threw out the ball at the Baltimore OriolesÆ season-opener in April, 1993. ballplaying bear. Yet with Wagner playing the starring role, the Pittsburgh Pirates won three consecutive pennants from 1901-1903. He played in 2,786 games. Walter Johnson was perhaps baseballÆs greatest pitcher. He pitched from 1907 to 1927 with the Washington Senators, winning 416 games while losing 279, even though he rarely pitched for a good club. On Friday, September 4, 1908, pitching for the seventh place Senators, Johnson shut out the New York Yankees, 3-0. He shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. The Indianapolis Speedway Classic was shortened to 300 miles in 1916, because of a shortage of cars (due to the war in Europe) increased the chances that no one might finish a 500-mile race. Twenty-one cars were on hand for the start. The favorite in the race was a man who was to become famous as a flying ace during World War I, Eddie Rickenbacker. At the start, Eddie looked like he intended to live up to his advance notices. But on only the ninth lap, Rickenbacker was forced to leave the race with a broken steering knuckle. Johnny Aiken took the lead until the 45th lap, when Dario Resta passed Aiken. Resta never relinquished the lead thereafter. ps baseballÆs greatest pitcher. He pitched from 1907 to 1927 with the Washington Senators, winning 416 games while losing 279, even though he rarely pitched for a good club. On Friday, September 4, 1908, pitching for the seventh place Senators, Johnson shut out the New York Yankees, 3-0. He shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, seismographs around the world began to record a series of devastating shocks centered near San Francisco, California. Water mains snapped, gas pipes exploded, streets buckled and caved in, and fires raging all over the city destroyed property at the rate of $1 million every 10 minutes. By far, the most damaging force was fire; 16 fires roared through the city. The flames remained unchecked until the second day, when fire fighters held the three-mile fire front back with salt water pumped from the bay. In an attempt to stop the flames from spreading, property was dynamited in strategic spots. On the third day, the fire finally went out, leaving four-fifths of San Francisco destroyed, an estimated property loss of $500 million, 452 persons dead, and hundreds of others missing. Four square miles of the cityÆs 60-year-old business district were leveled, including 497 blocks and approximately 30,000 buildings. shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and again in 1900, pledging a program of continuing prosperity and the full dinner pail. On March 4, 1901, McKinleyÆs carriage was enthusiastically applauded on the way to the Capitol. The crowd welcomed the President and his dynamic, young Vice President Theodore Roosevelt with open admiration. Just six months later, on September 6, McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz. Suddenly, ôThat wild man... that damned cowboy,ö as Mark Hanna called Theodore Roosevelt, became the youngest man ever to assume the office of the American presidency. strategic spots. On the third day, the fire finally went out, leaving four-fifths of San Francisco destroyed, an estimated property loss of $500 million, 452 persons dead, and hundreds of others missing. Four square miles of the cityÆs 60-year-old business district were leveled, including 497 blocks and approximately 30,000 buildings. shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. William McKinleyÆs first term was marked by the declaration of war against Spain and the subsequent 10-week campaign that ended when Spain ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the U.S. The Unites States also acquired Hawaii (1898), Wake Island (1899) and Samoa (1899) upon their annexation. McKinley was reelected in 1900 despite criticism of what some called American imperialism. At the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York on September 6, 1901, McKinley was shaking hands with well-wishers when a young man approached with his hand bandaged. The bandage concealed a pistol, and the man, Leon Czolgosz, shot McKinley twice. The president died eight days later. Czolgosz later told police that he was an anarchist and had the urge to kill a ôgreat ruler.ö ns dead, and hundreds of others missing. Four square miles of the cityÆs 60-year-old business district were leveled, including 497 blocks and approximately 30,000 buildings. shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. Theodore Roosevelt considered the election of 1904 a personal triumph. He received 336 electoral votes to Democrat Alton ParkerÆs 140 and ran ahead of his own party in several states. His greatest desire was to be President on his own - and the American voters told the world that he was no longer a political accident (Roosevelt had become President in 1901, upon William McKinleyÆs death). The night before his inaugural he said: ôTomorrow I shall come into office in my own right. Then watch out for me.ö Roosevelt was both a physical and cerebral man, whose multi-faceted personality made him many vocal friends and enemies. nley twice. The president died eight days later. Czolgosz later told police that he was an anarchist and had the urge to kill a ôgreat ruler.ö ns dead, and hundreds of others missing. Four square miles of the cityÆs 60-year-old business district were leveled, including 497 blocks and approximately 30,000 buildings. shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. In 1908, William Jennings Bryan, known as ôThe Great Commoner,ö became the Democratic presidential candidate for the third time since 1896. Bryan lost the election to his Republican opponent, William Howard Taft, by more than a million votes. He was never a candidate again, but served as Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson. BryanÆs political career had taken off on July 8, 1896, at the Democratic convention, when Bryan made his famous ôCross of Goldö speech. His speech challenged advocates of the gold standard with the statement: ôYou shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.ö The performance earned Bryant, then only 36, the partyÆs 1896 presidential nomination on the fifth ballot. .ö ns dead, and hundreds of others missing. Four square miles of the cityÆs 60-year-old business district were leveled, including 497 blocks and approximately 30,000 buildings. shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. Woodrow Wilson faced two contenders in the campaign of 1912. One was Republican William Howard Taft, the presidential incumbent whose party platform supported stricter regulation of the trusts and a milder protective tariff. The other, more formidable contender was former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt, who had split with his own party. He formed the Progressive (or ôBull Mooseö) Party and again took to the campaign trail, assailing both Taft and Wilson and calling for reforms. Wilson campaigned on ôThe New Freedom,ö a program which held that monopolies were an evil and real threat to free competition and called for their virtual abolition. Eloquent, idealistic, and sincere, Wilson was elected the 28th President of the U.S. nation on the fifth ballot. .ö ns dead, and hundreds of others missing. Four square miles of the cityÆs 60-year-old business district were leveled, including 497 blocks and approximately 30,000 buildings. shut them out again on Saturday, 6-0. After a day off on Sunday, Johnson was back on the mound for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt, former governor of New York and 26th President of the United States, ran for a third term, representing the Progressive Party as its first presidential candidate. The youngest President ever to take the oath of office, Roosevelt collected a colorful array of nicknames during his political and public life. He was known variously as ôBull Moose,ö ôFour Eyes,ö ôGreat White Chief,ö ôMeddler,ö ôTrust Busterö and ôTypical American.ö Although he had stated that he would not run again after his second term (his first full term) ended in 1908, Roosevelt came to the Republican convention of 1912 eager for another crack at the highest office in the nation. He condemned the nomination of William Howard Taft, joined Robert La Follete with his Progressive Party forces, and accepted the leadership of the new party, nicknamed the ôBull Mooseö party. RooseveltÆs platform was called ôA Contract with the People.ö In the November election, Roosevelt outpolled Taft, but lost to Woodrow Wilson by roughly two million votes. for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. In 1912, William Howard Taft, Ohio lawyer and 27th President of the United States, became the Republican presidential nominee for the second time in the noisiest and most disorderly convention known up to that time. Teddy Roosevelt, during his own 1904 presidential term, had referred to Taft, his Secretary of War, as ôthe most loveable personality I have ever contacted.ö However, when Taft won the nomination, Roosevelt screamed fraud, denounced the convention, formed his own Progressive Party, and became its first presidential candidate. The split between the two old political friends dissipated Republican forces and swept Woodrow Wilson, the Democratic candidate, into office. condemned the nomination of William Howard Taft, joined Robert La Follete with his Progressive Party forces, and accepted the leadership of the new party, nicknamed the ôBull Mooseö party. RooseveltÆs platform was called ôA Contract with the People.ö In the November election, Roosevelt outpolled Taft, but lost to Woodrow Wilson by roughly two million votes. for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. Thomas Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States, was inaugurated on March 4, 1913. As President, he immediately put into action the ôNew Freedom,ö a moderate reform program which aimed to preserve the free enterprise system by making it realistically possible for more people. His Inaugural Address in part said: ôWe have been proud of our industrial achievements, but we have not hitherto stopped thoughtfully enough to count the human cost . . . the fearful physical and spiritual cost to the men and women and children upon whom the dead weight and burden of it all has fallen pitilessly the years through.ö Wilson spoke of cleansing and restoring every process of the American way of life. n of William Howard Taft, joined Robert La Follete with his Progressive Party forces, and accepted the leadership of the new party, nicknamed the ôBull Mooseö party. RooseveltÆs platform was called ôA Contract with the People.ö In the November election, Roosevelt outpolled Taft, but lost to Woodrow Wilson by roughly two million votes. for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. At the start of World War I in 1914, military aviation was conspicuous by its absence. There were only about 700 military aircraft and 400 qualified pilots in all of Europe. A year before the United States entered the war, the tiny Lafayette Escadrille, composed of American volunteer fliers, served with the French. By 1918, this small group had grown into the U.S. Air Service, consisting of more than a quarter of a million men. Aviation produced its own leaders, its own heroes, its own brand of hard-shelled romanticism and also its own methods and tactics of war. Brigadier General William Mitchell was a dynamic, enthusiastic believer in air power, well ahead of his time in ideas and vision. Such American fliers as Raoul Lufbery, Eddie Rickenbacker, Frank Luke, and many other quickly became air aces. Their life expectancy was short; most pilots flew without parachutes. Of the 2,698 planes sent to the U.S. zones in Europe, only 1,100 were still flying at the time of the armistice. to Woodrow Wilson by roughly two million votes. for the final game of the series on Monday. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. During the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), three different revolutionary groups led revolts against President Victoriano HuertaÆs regime. The leaders were Venustiano Carranza, Francisco ôPanchoö Villa and Emiliano Zapata. Upon HuertaÆs resignation (1914), because of U.S. military intervention, Carranza became president. Civil war broke out again, but Carranza managed to regain control (1915). Villa and Zapata continued to lead opposition to CarranzaÆs government. Many of VillaÆs attacks were against the United States, which supported Carranza. In Santa Ysabel (January 10, 1916), VillaÆs band of men attacked and killed 18 American engineers who had been employed by Carranza to put several abandoned mines into operation. Villa also was responsible for several raids outside of the Mexican borders, in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Though President Woodrow Wilson advocated ôwatchful waiting,ö Congress insisted on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. On March 9, 1916, President Woodrow Wilson ordered a punitive expedition, led by Brigadier General John J. Pershing, into Mexico to capture renegade general Francisco ôPanchoö Villa. The expedition began on March 15, 1916. 13 days later, PershingÆs troops clashed with VillaÆs band of men. On March 28, Villa was wounded in the leg and fled south with 150 men, leaving the rest of his troops behind. PershingÆs troops chased Villa southward, further into Mexico. But the presence of American troops caused anti-American feelings among Mexicans. President Carranza even ordered his soldiers to attack PershingÆs troops. On February 5, PershingÆs troops were withdrawn. by Carranza to put several abandoned mines into operation. Villa also was responsible for several raids outside of the Mexican borders, in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Though President Woodrow Wilson advocated ôwatchful waiting,ö Congress insisted on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. Venustiano Carranza (1839-1920), Mexican President since 1914, had been recognized by the U.S. and some Latin American countries as de facto President in 1915. He aroused opposition from many Mexican unofficial chieftains who feared that he would abandon peasant reform. One of these leaders was Francisco ôPanchoö Villa. Villa may have deliberately attempted to involve Carranza in difficulties with the U.S. government. In January 1916, VillaÆs band was responsible for the massacre of 18 American engineers, whom Carranza had invited to work in some abandoned mines at Santa Ysabel. President Wilson sent a punitive expedition of about 15,000 militia, headed by General John J. Pershing, to Mexico with the objective of capturing Pancho Villa. Villa withdrew deep into Mexico, and the pursuing American troops became an embarrassment to Carranza. American forces eventually withdrew without catching Villa. s insisted on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. On September 6, 1916, six months after General John J. Pershing and his troops were ordered to the Mexican border, an American-Mexican joint commission attempted to end the dispute. The commission convened in New London, Connecticut, and negotiated the withdrawal of U.S. troops and a joint, though separate, border security arrangement. The protocol was signed by the joint commission at Atlantic City, N.J. on November 24, but President Carranza of Mexico refused to accept its terms (December 8). On February 5, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson ordered the withdrawal of American troops from Mexico. On February 15, 1917, the War Department issued orders for the demobilization of 150,000 troops stationed along the Mexican border. Diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico were restored on March 3, 1917. embarrassment to Carranza. American forces eventually withdrew without catching Villa. s insisted on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. The birthplace of Abraham Lincoln in Hodgenville, Kentucky, was a 1916 gift to the federal government. Deed of ownership was presented to Newton D. Baker, a member of President Woodrow WilsonÆs cabinet, in 1916. Abraham Lincoln National Park includes 117 acres of land surrounding the log cabin birthplace of President Lincoln. The cabin is enclosed within a Greek memorial of granite, with six monoliths placed at the entrance. Above the door is carved: ôWith Malice Toward None, With Charity For All.ö ary 5, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson ordered the withdrawal of American troops from Mexico. On February 15, 1917, the War Department issued orders for the demobilization of 150,000 troops stationed along the Mexican border. Diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico were restored on March 3, 1917. embarrassment to Carranza. American forces eventually withdrew without catching Villa. s insisted on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. The brutal stalemate of trench warfare in World War I was primarily the result of new machine guns. The machine gun provided firepower which far outpaced the mobility of infantry. Suddenly, sheer numbers no longer promised success. Old tactics were worthless in the face of new technology, a fact discovered through hundreds of thousands of casualties. Not until the development of the tank, along with new fighting tactics, was the bloody stalemate broken. th Malice Toward None, With Charity For All.ö ary 5, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson ordered the withdrawal of American troops from Mexico. On February 15, 1917, the War Department issued orders for the demobilization of 150,000 troops stationed along the Mexican border. Diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico were restored on March 3, 1917. embarrassment to Carranza. American forces eventually withdrew without catching Villa. s insisted on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. At the start of 1916, after 16 months of fighting, the Russians had lost 3.4 million men and were short of weapons at the front. The tattered Russian ranks were refilled with recruited peasants, and in 1916 Russia undertook its last great offensive of the war, breaking through Austrian lines and taking 200,000 prisoners. But Germans reinforced the Austrian. lines, and the Russian tide was halted. Another million lives were spent in desperate counterattacks before the final defeat of the Russian army. In Greece, the French and Serbian troops started a limited offensive. In hard fighting over 8,000-foot peaks and up the Monastir Gap, they broke through the Bulgarian First Army line. They captured Monastir after an advance of about 25 miles in almost perpendicular country. The Bulgarian First Army was almost wiped out, a tribute to the ferocious ardor of the Serbs, fighting once again in their beloved country. on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. By 1916, German submarine warfare was destroying more than ships: it was destroying AmericaÆs official policy of neutrality. The outcry over the sinking of the Lusitania (May 7, 1915) had led to a pledge from GermanyÆs Kaiser Wilhelm that passenger liners would no longer be attacked without a warning. But the German High Command concluded that destruction of Allied supply lines was more important than public relations. German submarine attacks continued, often without warning. American public opinion shifted; on April 6, 1917, the United States declared war on Germany. hard fighting over 8,000-foot peaks and up the Monastir Gap, they broke through the Bulgarian First Army line. They captured Monastir after an advance of about 25 miles in almost perpendicular country. The Bulgarian First Army was almost wiped out, a tribute to the ferocious ardor of the Serbs, fighting once again in their beloved country. on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. The Boston Red Sox took command early and never let up in beating the Brooklyn Dodgers, four games to one, to win the 1916 baseball World Series. The Dodgers, led by Manager Wilbert Robinson, had advanced to the Series by winning their first pennant in 16 years; the Red Sox, led by Manager Bill Carrigan, had in that time won three championships ( in 1903, 1912, and 1915). Red Sox experience showed as the games were played out between October 7 and October 12, 1916. BrooklynÆs only victory came in the third game when DodgerÆs pitcher Jack Coombs defeated Red Sox pitcher Carl Mays. ghting over 8,000-foot peaks and up the Monastir Gap, they broke through the Bulgarian First Army line. They captured Monastir after an advance of about 25 miles in almost perpendicular country. The Bulgarian First Army was almost wiped out, a tribute to the ferocious ardor of the Serbs, fighting once again in their beloved country. on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. The 16th Republican National Convention, meeting in Chicago on June 7, 1916, faced a problem: how to find a presidential candidate acceptable to the party regulars who would still stand a chance of winning the support of Teddy RooseveltÆs ôBull Mooseö Progressives, who had left the G.O.P. in 1912. The obvious choice would have been Roosevelt, but the Party could not bring itself to name the man who had divided the Republicans in the last election. The political candidate who was most acceptable to both sides was Charles Evans Hughes. Hughes, as a member of the United States Supreme Court, had not taken sides in the party civil wars in 1912. In 1916, Hughes resigned from the Supreme Court to accept the partyÆs nomination. f about 25 miles in almost perpendicular country. The Bulgarian First Army was almost wiped out, a tribute to the ferocious ardor of the Serbs, fighting once again in their beloved country. on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. The 22nd convention of the Democratic Party opened on June 14, 1916. Receiving 1,093 votes on the first ballot, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson was named the partyÆs 1916 nominee by acclamation. Thomas Riley Marshall was named the vice presidential candidate, making Wilson and Marshall potentially the first Democratic team ever reelected for a second term. WilsonÆs supporters touted his record on neutrality and preparedness. After two years of a war in Europe, the Democrats noted, Woodrow Wilson had ôkept us out of war.ö Hughes. Hughes, as a member of the United States Supreme Court, had not taken sides in the party civil wars in 1912. In 1916, Hughes resigned from the Supreme Court to accept the partyÆs nomination. f about 25 miles in almost perpendicular country. The Bulgarian First Army was almost wiped out, a tribute to the ferocious ardor of the Serbs, fighting once again in their beloved country. on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. Charles Evans Hughes had the strengths and weaknesses one might expect from a former judge: he was scholarly and impressive on a speakerÆs platform, but he lacked fire. If hard work were enough, Hughes should have become president in 1916; he toured the continent and campaigned tirelessly until the election. The voters, however, felt uncomfortable with the candidateÆs austere appearance and academic approach. Hughes lacked the common touch; Teddy Roosevelt reportedly referred to him as ôthe bearded lady.ö Still, the election was so close that Hughes went to bed on election night, November 7, 1916, believing that he was the new president. Instead, Woodrow Wilson was reelected. eme Court to accept the partyÆs nomination. f about 25 miles in almost perpendicular country. The Bulgarian First Army was almost wiped out, a tribute to the ferocious ardor of the Serbs, fighting once again in their beloved country. on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. President Woodrow Wilson campaigned for reelection in 1916 on an anti-war but pro-preparedness platform. The Democratic slogan, ôHe kept us out of war,ö was especially appealing to women who had already secured the vote in some Western states. Rough Rider Teddy Roosevelt attacked Wilson as the leader of ôflapdoodle pacifistsö who were too timid to fight. After the Germans torpedoed the Lusitania, Wilson scored a diplomatic victory when he secured the KaiserÆs pledge not to sink any more passenger ships without warning, providing that those ships offered no resistance. WilsonÆs recent marriage to Edith Bolling Galt enhanced his popularity with the public. Wilson was reelected. eme Court to accept the partyÆs nomination. f about 25 miles in almost perpendicular country. The Bulgarian First Army was almost wiped out, a tribute to the ferocious ardor of the Serbs, fighting once again in their beloved country. on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. Before a capacity crowd at the Yale Bowl in New Haven, Connecticut, the fighting Elis squeezed out a dramatic 6-3 victory over an equally determined Harvard team in the 1916 edition of footballÆs grandest rivalry. Not since 1909 had a Yale team been able to beat the Crimson, and a Yale player had not crossed the Harvard goal line since 1907. In the last four encounters prior to this 1916 meeting, Harvard had outscored Yale by 112-5, winning by a 36-0 count the last time the teams met in New Haven in 1914. But this day was YaleÆs as they turned back every Harvard touchdown drive and gave the huge crowd a long-remembered thrill when Joe Neville scored the winning touchdown to end the long drought. Yale finished the year unbeaten and untied. in almost perpendicular country. The Bulgarian First Army was almost wiped out, a tribute to the ferocious ardor of the Serbs, fighting once again in their beloved country. on American intervention in Mexico. Wilson ordered Brigadier General John ôBlack Jackö. Pershing to lead 15,000 men on an expedition into Mexico to capture Villa . y. He shut out the New Yorkers again, 4-0. The inauguration of Woodrow Wilson for his second term as president of the United States was of much less importance than the events immediately preceding and following it. The inaugural address was brief. The president, accompanied by his second wife, the former Edith Bolting Galt, was the last president to ride to the ceremony in a carriage. Inauguration Day was March 5, 1917, rather than March 4, because the 4th was a Sunday. The oath was administered by Chief Justice Edward Douglass White for the second time. The Inaugural Address was completely overshadowed by the PresidentÆs messages to Congress a month before. On February 3, 1917, Wilson had asked for a severance of diplomatic relations with Germany. One month after the inauguration, on April 2, 1917, Wilson called for a Declaration of War. Ironically, if he had been defeated, Mr. Wilson had made plans to turn over the presidency to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Although in 1915 President Wilson had proclaimed AmericaÆs neutrality in the war, Germany declared the British Isles a war zone and warned that any neutral craft that entered the zone would do so at her own risk. On May 7, 1915, the British liner Lusitania was sunk off the Irish Coast without warning by a German submarine. 128 Americans were lost. Early in 1917, German assaults against all neutral and belligerent shipping were renewed. When an American ship was sunk without warning, Wilson broke off diplomatic relations with Germany. On April 2, 1917, President Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war, condemning German submarine policy as ôwarfare against mankindö and stating that the ôworld must be made safe for democracy.ö guration, on April 2, 1917, Wilson called for a Declaration of War. Ironically, if he had been defeated, Mr. Wilson had made plans to turn over the presidency to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. When the U.S. declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, it had a powerful navy but virtually no army. Millions of men had to be conscripted and trained. Because there had been little preparation for the war effort, munitions, factories, tanks, guns, and even rifles had to be supplied by Britain and France. The United States had counted on peace and isolationism. It was suddenly faced with the necessity of training and equipping a whole army to send overseas, retooling its factories, and whipping up the American populace to accepting war on soil other than its own. son asked Congress for a declaration of war, condemning German submarine policy as ôwarfare against mankindö and stating that the ôworld must be made safe for democracy.ö guration, on April 2, 1917, Wilson called for a Declaration of War. Ironically, if he had been defeated, Mr. Wilson had made plans to turn over the presidency to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On January 11, 1917, fire spread through the Canadian Car and Foundry plant at Kingsland, New Jersey. Workmen completing an 83-million dollar order for the Russian government were cleaning shell cases, when a container of alcohol burst into flames. The fire spread to eight cars loaded with TNT and to a warehouse packed with shells. The subsequent ôbombardmentö lasted for four hours and exploded 500,000 artillery shells as hundreds fled in terror from the flying ammunition. actories, and whipping up the American populace to accepting war on soil other than its own. son asked Congress for a declaration of war, condemning German submarine policy as ôwarfare against mankindö and stating that the ôworld must be made safe for democracy.ö guration, on April 2, 1917, Wilson called for a Declaration of War. Ironically, if he had been defeated, Mr. Wilson had made plans to turn over the presidency to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On June 13, 1917, Major General John Joseph ôBlack Jackö Pershing arrived in Boulogne, France with a headquarters contingent of 178 men. Two weeks after PershingÆs arrival, on June 25, 1917, the first combat troops arrived in Saint-Nazaire. They represented about half of the 1st Division and the 5th Marine Regiment. By the end of the year, the United States had four divisions (100,000 men) in Europe. Pershing and French commander Marshal Henri Petain reviewed the troops together. Pershing became commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) under French Marshal Ferdinand Foch. or a declaration of war, condemning German submarine policy as ôwarfare against mankindö and stating that the ôworld must be made safe for democracy.ö guration, on April 2, 1917, Wilson called for a Declaration of War. Ironically, if he had been defeated, Mr. Wilson had made plans to turn over the presidency to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Upon enlisting in the U.S. Army in 1917, race car driver Eddie Rickenbacker (1890-1973) was assigned to drive Colonel William ôBillyö MitchellÆs car. With the help of Col. Mitchell, he was assigned to the Primary Flying School at Tours, France. Rickenbacker went into combat with the famed 94th Aero Pursuit Squadron, the first American aero unit to fight on the Western Front. Rickenbacker attained his first flying victories against the German ace Manfred von Richthofen and his ôflying circus.ö By the end of the war, the 94th Squadron had shot down 69 enemy planes; of these, Rickenbacker himself was credited with 26. ng German submarine policy as ôwarfare against mankindö and stating that the ôworld must be made safe for democracy.ö guration, on April 2, 1917, Wilson called for a Declaration of War. Ironically, if he had been defeated, Mr. Wilson had made plans to turn over the presidency to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1917, the French army mutinied. Because the French army needed rest and recuperation, French Marshal Henri Petain told the British that they would have to shoulder the main burden on the Western Front until American forces arrived. When the British took over, the offensive in Flanders began with a carefully prepared assault on a nine-mile front. Nearly 17 days of intense bombardment, assisted by British aircraft, preceded the attack. The British won the battle beneath the ground, above the ground, and in the air. But another battle began in late July, when the Germans re-formed their line and brought up reserves. The battle was fought in mud so deep that it drowned men and animals. For the first time, the Germans used a blistering, burning chemical called mustard gas. The British lost at least 245,000 men, nearly twice that of the Germans.. had made plans to turn over the presidency to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. French General Robert Georges Nivelle had convinced the French government in 1917 that a ruthless and violent offensive could break German lines. But the Germans moved fast in retreat, and established the so-called Siegfried Line. German defensive positions on the Siegfried Line were extremely strong. Nivelle was not discouraged; he even discussed the forthcoming battles at a London dinner party. Before long, the Germans knew as much about what was impending as Nivelle did. NivelleÆs main effort was launched April 16, 1917, at Aisne and Champagne. This much-advertised, ôend-the-war breakthroughö came to a dead halt on the first day. By late May France had lost about 120,000 men, and Nivelle was replaced by General Henri Petain. ring, burning chemical called mustard gas. The British lost at least 245,000 men, nearly twice that of the Germans.. had made plans to turn over the presidency to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Liberty Bond was created by the government to help finance the First World War. Created shortly after war was declared, these interest-bearing bonds (like U.S. Savings Bonds) were sold in schools, from door-to-door and in loan drives. In New York City, tens of thousands of bonds were sold October 24 - 25, 1917, in observance of Liberty Day. 20,000 marched in a parade and pageant that day to stimulate people to buy. They were joined by ôFour-Minute Men,ö executives, politicians and war heroes who gave four-minute sales pitches to get the public to buy bonds. ertised, ôend-the-war breakthroughö came to a dead halt on the first day. By late May France had lost about 120,000 men, and Nivelle was replaced by General Henri Petain. ring, burning chemical called mustard gas. The British lost at least 245,000 men, nearly twice that of the Germans.. had made plans to turn over the presidency to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. John Joseph Pershing was born in Laclede, Missouri. In 1898, Pershing was a captain and served in Cuba during the Spanish-American War. He went to the Philippines as adjutant general and battled the Moro insurgents in 1903. In 1915, Pershing was sent to the Mexican border, and in 1916 pursued ôPanchoö Villa in an effort to capture him. Pershing was unsuccessful, but in 1917 he was named commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) which was sent to Europe when the U.S. entered World War I. Known fondly as ôBlack Jack,ö Pershing insisted on his American troops fighting as a unit, rather than being split up to serve as replacements for depleted British and French troops. Congress rewarded Pershing in 1919 by giving him the title General of the Armies, the first man to hold the title since George Washington. From 1921 to 1924, Pershing served as army chief of staff and then retired. to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1917, England had been at war with Germany for three years. It was a deadly war of hand-to-hand combat, with artillery shrapnel and poison gas leaving many disabled as each side tried to wear the other down. The total British fighting force of 8,904,467 men suffered 3,190,235 killed and wounded - a casualty rate of over 35%. To help bolster the sinking morale of the English people, and to show their appreciation and affection for the wounded soldiers, King George V and Queen Mary made frequent personal appearances at hospitals and war plants. his American troops fighting as a unit, rather than being split up to serve as replacements for depleted British and French troops. Congress rewarded Pershing in 1919 by giving him the title General of the Armies, the first man to hold the title since George Washington. From 1921 to 1924, Pershing served as army chief of staff and then retired. to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Approximately 530,000 German prisoners were captured in World War I. Nearly 400,000 Germans were sent to prisoner of war (P.O.W.) camps in Russia; 78,500 were sent to camps in France; 40,800 were sent to camps in England. The P.O.W. camp in Dorchester, England housed 20,000 prisoners from 1914 through 1917. Conditions were apparently quite good compared to life at the front: only two escapes from Dorchester were attempted during the entire war. soldiers, King George V and Queen Mary made frequent personal appearances at hospitals and war plants. his American troops fighting as a unit, rather than being split up to serve as replacements for depleted British and French troops. Congress rewarded Pershing in 1919 by giving him the title General of the Armies, the first man to hold the title since George Washington. From 1921 to 1924, Pershing served as army chief of staff and then retired. to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Barney Oldfield was already famous as the first man to drive a mile a minute, when he developed a new, sleek car he called the Golden Submarine. In a series of three races on August 18, 1917 at Sheepshead Bay Speedway in New York, Oldfield drove his Golden Submarine against Ralph De Palma and Louis Chevrolet. With an airplane engine and a body made of steel ribs covered in aluminum, Oldfield believed that his new car was not only the fastest but the safest. Unfortunately, it also turned out to be the slowest. Oldfield drove the Golden Submarine in only the first two races, coming in last both times. Oldfield switched to his green Delage auto in the third contest, winning second place, ahead of Chevrolet. Ralph De Palma triumphed in all three races. ies, the first man to hold the title since George Washington. From 1921 to 1924, Pershing served as army chief of staff and then retired. to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Louis Chevrolet, driving a Frontenac, won the Harkness Trophy race at Sheepshead Bay Speedway in Brooklyn, N.Y., on September 22, 1917. He averaged 111 miles an hour in the 100-mile race, which he completed without making a pit stop - also a record. Ralph De Palma came in second place, dragging more than a lap behind Chevrolet. De Palma, racing a Packard, had to stop near the halfway point to change his two front tires, which had blown out on a turn. Chevrolet smashed the worldÆs record for the 100-mile race in 54:20.98. DePalmaÆs time was 56:18.40 . the first two races, coming in last both times. Oldfield switched to his green Delage auto in the third contest, winning second place, ahead of Chevrolet. Ralph De Palma triumphed in all three races. ies, the first man to hold the title since George Washington. From 1921 to 1924, Pershing served as army chief of staff and then retired. to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Probably at no time in the history of American fashion have clothes been so typically an American product. Styles of dress still originated in Paris and London but were avidly copied at home. The GodeyÆs Ladies Book and Magazine was the first fashion book and stylesetter for the American woman. Clothes were made at home by the woman of the house with the help of a more-or-less professional seamstress. The home sewing craze was due in part to the invention and accepted use of the sewing machine, and also due to the availability of dress patterns. Patterns came in one size only, bosom 36 inches, waist 24 inches, and skirt length 42 inches. o in the third contest, winning second place, ahead of Chevrolet. Ralph De Palma triumphed in all three races. ies, the first man to hold the title since George Washington. From 1921 to 1924, Pershing served as army chief of staff and then retired. to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The exciting World Series which opened on October 6, 1917 was a seesaw affair all the way. The Chicago White Sox, managed by Clarence ôPantsö Rowland, won the first two games at home. The New York Giants, managed by the legendary John McGraw, evened things up with successive shutout victories pitched by Rube Benton and Ferdie Schupp at their home park, the Polo Grounds. The Sox clinched the series with 8-5 and 4-2 victories in the fifth and sixth games (October 13 and October 15). Dave Robertson starred for the losing Giants, going 11 for 22, for a .500 batting average. Total attendance for the six games was 186,654. t length 42 inches. o in the third contest, winning second place, ahead of Chevrolet. Ralph De Palma triumphed in all three races. ies, the first man to hold the title since George Washington. From 1921 to 1924, Pershing served as army chief of staff and then retired. to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. World War I was already raging in Europe when the U.S. Navy began making its own preparations for AmericaÆs entry into the war effort. GermanyÆs unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic was already taking its toll on American ships and lives. Josephus Daniels, secretary of the Navy, asked Congress for a $350 million appropriation for new ships. And America devised the convoy system, in which ships travelled in groups for greater safety. Though opposed by the British Admiralty, the system was instituted in the early summer of 1917. New naval construction focused on destroyers and submarine chasers to combat the German subs. By the end of the war, over 800 vessels were being used in the convoy system and the U.S. Navy had grown to some 2,000 ships and over 500,000 men. ld the title since George Washington. From 1921 to 1924, Pershing served as army chief of staff and then retired. to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. By early 1917, Russian troops in World War I had suffered millions of casualties without making any headway. Opposition to the Czar Nicholas II finally grew into open revolt in March, 1917 (February in the old Russian calendar). The February Revolution began in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) with strikes and riots. Soldiers joined the revolution when Nicholas dissolved RussiaÆs parliament, the Duma, on March 11. The Duma refused to split, instead establishing a provisional government. On March 15, Nicholas abdicated at army headquarters in Pskov. ôMay God help Russiaö was his prayer and epitaph. He and his family were imprisoned. A year later, the Czar and his family were put to death by the new Bolshevik rulers. Navy had grown to some 2,000 ships and over 500,000 men. ld the title since George Washington. From 1921 to 1924, Pershing served as army chief of staff and then retired. to Charles Evans Hughes immediately after the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. With Czar Nicholas II overthrown, the Russian Revolution of 1917 became a struggle for power. It was a clash between the relatively moderate liberals of the Duma, or parliament, and the WorkersÆ and SoldiersÆ Council, or Soviets, established by the Socialists. Alexander Kerensky emerged as the leader of the moderate Socialists and of a provisional government. Vladimir Lenin, a former leader of the radical Russian Bolsheviks, had been in exile for 11 years for illegal revolutionary activities. Now the Germans allowed Lenin to travel in a sealed car from Switzerland through Germany to Russia, where he joined fellow radicals Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin. The great conspiracy was launched. In the October Revolution, what remained of the old Russia went down in defeat. The Bolsheviks overthrew KerenskyÆs government, and installed their own headed by Lenin as Premier and Trotsky as Foreign Minister. The Soviet regime had begun. fter the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. General conscription (ôthe draftö) was introduced in America in 1917. By the end of World War I, over 2.8 million men were inducted into the American armed forces. Including volunteers, over 4 million men served in the Army. On October 15, 1917, the first shot was fired by American troops in France. Early in November, the first American soldiers died in action. Of the 4,734,991 men in American military service from 1917 to 1918, 4,057,101 served in the Army, 599,051 in the Navy, and 78,839 in the Marines. The total number of casualties for this period was 320,710, of which 53,513 were deaths in battle, 63,195 were deaths from disease, and 204,002 men were wounded. piracy was launched. In the October Revolution, what remained of the old Russia went down in defeat. The Bolsheviks overthrew KerenskyÆs government, and installed their own headed by Lenin as Premier and Trotsky as Foreign Minister. The Soviet regime had begun. fter the November election, without waiting for the inaugural in March. In a letter to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, written two days before the election, Wilson revealed his concerns regarding foreign affairs. He felt that they demanded that the elected President, whoever he might be, take immediate charge of U.S. policy. If Mr. Hughes had been elected, Wilson planned to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Although the first U.S. troops arrived in France on June 26, 1917, it was not until the following year at the Battle of Chateau-Thierry that the young, green Americans made any impact. On May 31st, a machine-gun battalion of the 3rd U.S. Division, made up of young and inexperienced troops, started digging gun emplacements on the south bank of the Marne River. They had just enough time to sight their 17 guns before the Germans came up. In brisk action, the Germans tried to cross the River Marne, but the American Division held them back. Simultaneously, the U.S. 2nd Division, a combination of Army regulars and Marines, emerged on the Paris road to beat back a three-day German assault with rifle and machine-gun fire. The Americans had given convincing proof that they could fight, and the whole Marne front was infected with hope. On June 3, 1918, the advancing Germans drove the French out of Belleau Wood. The U.S. 2nd Division was rushed up to plug the gap in the French line. Testing the newcomers, the Germans stormed through the waist-high winter wheat. The Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Many heroes emerged from the wreckage of World War I; three of the most prominent were Georges Clemenceau, Newton Baker, and Leonard Wood. Clemenceau (1841-1929) was known by friend and foe as ôthe Tiger.ö During his first three years of World War I, he criticized French leaders for their ôdefeatismö in conducting the war. Upon his return to the premiership of France in 1917, he inspired a renewal of morale, and led the country to victory. Newton Baker (1871-1937) served as Woodrow WilsonÆs Secretary of War from 1916 to 1919. An ardent pacifist, Baker nonetheless devoted himself to his mission and was rewarded by the successes of American soldiers in the field and the respect of the American people. Major General Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. With the onset of World War I, women left their homes to join the commercial work force, changing their social status and increasing their awareness of the world. With over four million men in American armed forces during World War I, many women took jobs in factories, helping to make explosives; armaments; machine tools, farm implements; and railway, automobile and airplane parts. Taboos and restrictions against women working in a manÆs world began to crumble. The changes helped blaze the trail for the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, and in 1920 American women voted for president for the first time. arded by the successes of American soldiers in the field and the respect of the American people. Major General Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. With great parades and grand slogans, America entered World War I on April 6, 1917. The United States went into the war with a standing army of about 200,000 men. President Woodrow Wilson preferred a volunteer army. But not enough volunteers came forward to enlist, so the President accepted conscription as a necessary evil. To build and train the citizen army, the Selective Service began conscripting men from 21 through 30 years of age. Volunteers and draftees were trained at 16 camps, with a capacity of 48,000 for each camp. These camps had been constructed in a period of only four months in various parts of the United States. merican soldiers in the field and the respect of the American people. Major General Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Shortly before 3 a.m. on November 11, 1918, the Associated Press flashed the news of the Armistice to New York City. Lights on the Statue of Liberty blazed. Sirens screamed. Ships and tugs whistled, lit up, and ran up their flags. The racket woke a sleeping city. People ran out of their houses with noisemakers. They jammed the subways and streetcars. Motorists stuck in heavy traffic blew their horns nonstop. Strangers kissed and hugged and sang arm in arm. People wept and prayed. The cheering, rattling, whistling, praying, and crying went on well into the next morning. Four years of bitter conflict had come to an end. Over 10 million people had been killed and 20 million wounded in World War I. or General Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At exactly 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918, guns in the European battlefields stopped abruptly. German and Allied soldiers stood upright in the trenches, leaped from their mudholes, and walked toward each other to embrace and cheer as they exchanged cigarettes, chocolate, chewing gum, bread, and sausage. Paris was curiously quiet until the fighting actually ceased and the announcement of the Armistice was officially released. Only after Premier ClemenceauÆs proclamation before the Chamber of Deputies did Parisians break out flags and began to rejoice and dance. People surged through the city from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de lÆOpera. They jammed Montmartre and filled the cafes with song. War I. or General Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. President Woodrow Wilson made his Armistice proclamation from the White House at 10 a.m. on November 11, 1918. Shortly after noon, he rode down Pennsylvania Avenue, amid an immense ovation, to address Congress. During the afternoon he reviewed the United War Work Campaign parade and appeared five times before jubilant crowds. It was a day of personal joy for the president. Wilson had made the Armistice possible when in January, 1918, he set forth his so-called Fourteen Points. The document laid the framework for a just and lasting peace for friend and foe alike. e surged through the city from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de lÆOpera. They jammed Montmartre and filled the cafes with song. War I. or General Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At 5:00 a.m. on November 11, 1918, the Armistice was officially signed, and all hostilities ceased within six hours. Erzberger, the German head of the Armistice Commission, had requested a meeting with Marshal Foch, head of the French Armistice contingent. The signing at the front took place in a railway carriage at Rethodes in the forest of Compiegne. Erzberger handed the declaration to Marshal Foch. It ended with the line: ôA nation of seventy millions of people suffers, but it does not die.ö Marshal Foch replied, ôTres bien,ö and walked away without shaking hands. d through the city from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de lÆOpera. They jammed Montmartre and filled the cafes with song. War I. or General Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Leviathan was built in 1914 and, at 950 feet, was the biggest ship in the world at the time. The Leviathan had made only a few voyages when World War I started. Along with other luxury liners, she was immobilized until the U.S. military took her over in 1917. In all, the Leviathan transported more than 200,000 Yanks to and from the battlefields of Europe. In December, 1918, the great ship brought the first doughboys home from France. They stepped onto American soil on December 16, 1918. .ö Marshal Foch replied, ôTres bien,ö and walked away without shaking hands. d through the city from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de lÆOpera. They jammed Montmartre and filled the cafes with song. War I. or General Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Federal participation in civil aviation began on May 15, 1918, as the Post Office Department inaugurated the first regular airmail service between Washington, Philadelphia, and New York. The first trip was a comedy of errors. Before the flight got off the ground, embarrassed post office officials discovered that the first airmail stamps pictured a plane flying upside down. At the airport, as photographers snapped pictures of President Woodrow Wilson and government dignitaries, the pilot vainly tried to start the plane. After a careful search, the problem was discovered: no fuel in the tank. The plane finally took off - in the wrong direction. Hours later, the pilot phoned from nearby Maryland that he was lost. Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. 60,000 fans watched in May, 1918 as one of the great American race horses, Exterminator, won the 44th Kentucky Derby. Known affectionately as ôOld Bones,ö the thoroughbred raced over the muddy track in 2:10 4/5 and won $14,700 for his owner, Willis Sharp Kilmer. His jockey was Bill Knapp. After going three-quarters of a mile, Exterminator moved up fast, slipping through on the rail, and raced into the lead, outstaying Escoba, who finished second. and government dignitaries, the pilot vainly tried to start the plane. After a careful search, the problem was discovered: no fuel in the tank. The plane finally took off - in the wrong direction. Hours later, the pilot phoned from nearby Maryland that he was lost. Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. 40,000 spectators cheered a 1918 race between a plane and a sports car at New YorkÆs Belmont Park. In a test of American-built aircraft, Gaston Chevrolet drove a 135-horsepower Frontenac automobile while Lieutenant Meany, from the U.S. Army, piloted a 80-horsepower Thomas Moore scout plane. Lieutenant Meany took the lead in the 4-1/2 mile race after the first lap and held it to the end. To climax his victory, Meany came down in a nose dive, but he began his descent too near the ground. At 100 feet, the plane plummeted, driving the nose of the plane into the turf. Lieutenant Meany walked away unhurt, smiling and waving to the crowd. rection. Hours later, the pilot phoned from nearby Maryland that he was lost. Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Jack Dempsey was a world boxing champion and one of the great American heavyweights. After taking the title from Jess Willard in 1919, he defended it successfully until Gene Tunney beat him in a 1926 brawl. Dempsey also made an attempt at a movie career in the film Daredevil Jack. As an actor, however, he proved to be less than a heavyweight. after the first lap and held it to the end. To climax his victory, Meany came down in a nose dive, but he began his descent too near the ground. At 100 feet, the plane plummeted, driving the nose of the plane into the turf. Lieutenant Meany walked away unhurt, smiling and waving to the crowd. rection. Hours later, the pilot phoned from nearby Maryland that he was lost. Leonard Wood (1860-1927) had once helped Teddy Roosevelt create the Rough Riders of 1898. Between 1914 and 1917, his outspoken support of U.S. preparedness and civilian training camps conflicted with WilsonÆs policy, but it was of invaluable benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. U.SS. President Wilson was greeted by flower-tossing well-wishers in London, Milan, Rome, and Paris en route to the Paris Peace Conference at Versailles in 1919. He was welcomed as the hero whose ôFourteen Pointsö would bring a just peace to a war-ravaged continent. Once the conference was called to order on January 18, however, the idealistic Wilson immediately clashed with hard-headed politicians from the European countries, most of whom were entangled in secret agreements of their own. WilsonÆs pleas for decent and humane treatment of the conquered nations went unheeded as the victors argued for a vengeful, harsh settlement and eagerly divided the spoils of the war. Little by little, other diplomats whittled away at the Fourteen Points; Wilson, his health beginning to crack, compromised one point after another, clinging always to the Covenant of the League of Nations, which he hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On November 1, 1919, Acting President John Llewellyn Lewis of the United Mine Workers led 400,000 miners in a five-week strike that crippled the bituminous coal industry, and the nation as well. The strike was in direct defiance of a court injunction against such action. President Woodrow Wilson denounced Lewis as the dictator of an unlawful strike. It was John L. LewisÆ first clash with a United States president; he battled with every succeeding president through Dwight Eisenhower. On December 11, President Wilson and Attorney General Palmer presented Lewis with a proposal that would send the miners back to work. The proposal included a 14 percent wage increase for the miners, who were earning $2.00 a day, and a commission to work out other questions in the dispute such as working hours, and health and safety standards. Lewis accepted immediately and the men returned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The bodies of 113 American soldiers and sailors who had died during the United States intervention at Archangel, Russia, arrived in New Jersey on November 12, 1919. After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, foreign powers, including the U.S., sent expeditionary forces to fight against the new Russian government. The Russians succeeded in driving out American, British, French, and Japanese troops. Former American diplomat George F. Kennan later maintained that the intervention was based not on distrust of the Bolshevik regime but on the threat of a new German offensive on the Western Front after RussiaÆs withdrawal from the war. The Allies also feared that the tons of war supplies at Archangel and Vladivostok would fall into German hands. other questions in the dispute such as working hours, and health and safety standards. Lewis accepted immediately and the men returned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. President Wilson returned home from the Paris Peace Conference to a hostile Republican Senate which quickly blocked ratification of the Paris treaty. Although Wilson himself had been disappointed in the treaty, it still contained provision for a League of Nations, and it was on this point that Wilson placed his hope for the peace of the world. Wilson felt that America must accept the League of Nations or live with a gun in its hand. Against the advice of his personal physician, his wife, and other advisors, Wilson set out on a coast-to-coast speaking tour to gain support for his cause in hopes of overriding the Senate. He made 37 speeches in 22 days in 17 states, trailed by his enemies who spoke wherever he had passed and who attracted larger audiences and more applause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1914, George Herman ôBabeö Ruth was signed by the Baltimore Orioles, but was later sold to the Boston Red Sox. For the next four years, Ruth proved to be not only a fine hitter but an excellent pitcher. In the 1916 and 1918 World Series, Ruth threw 29 2/3 scoreless innings. He was transferred to the outfield in 1919 and hit 29 home runs, a record. Because Boston had financial troubles, Ruth was sold to the New York Yankees for $125,000 and a $350,000 loan. At that time, the Yankees were a struggling ball club that played out of the Polo Grounds, home of the N.Y. Giants. The acquisition of the Babe in 1920 changed that. Yankee Stadium, ôthe house that Ruth built,ö opened in 1923. who spoke wherever he had passed and who attracted larger audiences and more applause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1919, the Chicago White Sox, champions of 1917, but sixth-place finishers in 1918, came back under the leadership of Kid Gleason to win the American League title. The Cincinnati Reds, under Pat Moran, had won their first National League flag, beating out the N.Y. Giants by nine games. The World Series between the two teams developed into scandal. Eight White Sox stars were charged with conspiring with gamblers to throw the games. Although there were suspicions of trouble during the series itself, the full story did not break until nearly a year later. As a result, eight Chicago players were dropped from professional baseball for life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Ostriches were little more than an ornithological oddity to most Americans, until a fashion trend changed everything. The ostrich plume, taken from the tail feathers of the big flightless birds, suddenly became a fashion statement. Carried as fans, or worn on hats or other garments, ostrich plumes were de rigueur for the socialite of the age. ndal. Eight White Sox stars were charged with conspiring with gamblers to throw the games. Although there were suspicions of trouble during the series itself, the full story did not break until nearly a year later. As a result, eight Chicago players were dropped from professional baseball for life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On November 29, 1919, the Midshipmen of Navy triumphed over ArmyÆs Cadets for the first time in seven years. Through fog and dense weather at the Polo Grounds in N.Y., Navy won when right tackle Clyde King twice booted the ball between ArmyÆs goalposts to send the Cadets down to defeat, 6-0. The cold misty fog which blanketed the game did not dampen the ardor of either team. Forty-five thousand spectators stayed until long after the battle to help Navy celebrate their long-awaited victory. itself, the full story did not break until nearly a year later. As a result, eight Chicago players were dropped from professional baseball for life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At the start of the 1900s, most women remained focused on the home. Few jobs, and few sports, were considered ladylike enough to turn a womanÆs attention away from man and home. During the next 20 years, there were many changes. In 1916, Congress got its first woman representative, Jeannette Rankin from Montana. As men became soldiers and marched off to fight, women donned overalls and took over a variety of tough jobs. Touring female stars like Lillian Russell and Sarah Bernhardt were well-received. Bathing suits showing bared arms and knees were seen on the beaches. And suffragettes continued to battle for the right to vote. r life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Thoroughbred Paul Jones, ridden by jockey T. Rice, raced into the lead after a fast start and then held on to outstay Upset in the final stretch, winning the 46th Kentucky Derby in 2:09, on May 8, 1920. Upset moved up menacingly after going a half mile. He saved ground when coming into the stretch and appeared a winner a sixteenth of a mile from the finish line, but tired in the stretch. Paul Jones, a brown gelding sired by Sea King, was owned by Ral Parr. The winnerÆs net purse was $30,375. ceived. Bathing suits showing bared arms and knees were seen on the beaches. And suffragettes continued to battle for the right to vote. r life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The age of cosmetics arrived after World War I. In the modest past, face powder was the only allowable addition to the natural beauty of a woman. Just prior to 1920, a small amount of rouge had been added to the cheeks. Now in the daring decade of the 1920s, lipstick came into universal and even mascara and eyeshadow were worn with evening clothes. The Flapper appeared. She was a daring and revolutionary teenager, who flaunted mannish clothing and wore felt hats at rakish angles. For perhaps the first time in history, women appeared in the street without hats, coats, or gloves. ettes continued to battle for the right to vote. r life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In April of 1919, the 1920 Summer Games were awarded by the Olympic committee to Belgium as a gesture of appreciation to the nationÆs heroics during World War I. The Games of Antwerp were officially opened by King Albert of Belgium on August 15. They featured two innovations which have become an integral part of todayÆs Olympic Games: first, the Olympic oath taken by a member of the host nationÆs team; and second, the appearance of the Olympic flag. ore felt hats at rakish angles. For perhaps the first time in history, women appeared in the street without hats, coats, or gloves. ettes continued to battle for the right to vote. r life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Post-World War I America was beset by a cycle of industrial failures, unemployment, and strikes. Fanned by bombings by a handful of extremists, the country soon was in the throes of an anti-Communist hysteria that equated foreign birth or communist beliefs with violent anti-Americanism. The William J. Burns Detective Agency estimated at one point that there were 422,000 native communists in America. The National Security League estimated that there were 600,000. On January 1, 1920, government agents, local police, and volunteer aides swooped down on 10,000 suspects in 33 cities in a coast-to-coast roundup of suspected communists. life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Back as far as the 1920s, Havana was the place for American vacationers to take respite from the pressures of work. HavanaÆs appeal was further enhanced by American prohibition. The Cuban city was close enough to home, yet different enough in atmosphere and entertainment, to offer an ideal getaway. Gambling was legal, horse racing was a national pastime, and a general atmosphere of conviviality, plus all the alcohol one could drink, were all conducive to making Havana the major resort spot for Americans in the early 1920s. teer aides swooped down on 10,000 suspects in 33 cities in a coast-to-coast roundup of suspected communists. life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Sir Thomas LiptonÆs Shamrock IV won the opening race of the 1920 AmericaÆs Cup competition on July 15, crossing the finish line in 4 hours, 24 minutes, 58 seconds. It was the first time since 1871 that a British yacht had won an AmericaÆs Cup race. The American yacht Resolute was put out of commission just as she was nearing the outer mark, nearly a third of a mile in the lead of her adversary the Shamrock IV. Resolute came back over the next 12 days to win three of the final four races, and America remained the keeper of the famous AmericaÆs Cup. n 10,000 suspects in 33 cities in a coast-to-coast roundup of suspected communists. life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On October 16, two weeks before the presidential election of 1920, more than 30,000 World War I veterans paraded up Fifth Avenue in New York City to publicize their demands for a soldierÆs bonus. One hundred thousand spectators lined the curbs to cheer the marching cavalry officers, infantrymen, and artillerymen, most of whom appeared in uniform, although many wore civvies and odd campaign hats. The bonus bill, giving veterans special compensation for service in World War I, was vetoed by the new President, Warren G. Harding, but passed in 1924 over the veto of President Calvin Coolidge. t-to-coast roundup of suspected communists. life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The three most prominent American automobile designers and builders in 1920 were Fred Duesenberg and the Chevrolet brothers, Louis and Gaston. All three men were determined to end the monopoly which European cars had enjoyed in the big race - the Indianapolis 500 - since 1913. Gaston was the one who turned the trick as he raced a Monroe machine, which his brother Louis had designed, to victory in the 1920 Indianapolis classic. A few months later, in the Beverly Hills Speedway Classic, he met his death in a fiery crash. ng, but passed in 1924 over the veto of President Calvin Coolidge. t-to-coast roundup of suspected communists. life: Joe Jackson, Oscar Felsch, Arnold Gandil, George Weaver, Charles Risberg, Fred McMullin, Eddie Cicotte, and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Sinn Fein (Gaelic for ôwe, ourselvesö) movement was organized by Arthur Griffith and devoted to the ideal of complete independence for Ireland, rather than merely a separate Parliament as advocated by one of the early Irish Patriots, Charles Stewart Parnell. The Sinn Fein movement began with passive resistance to all things British. The movement grew in strength until the spirit of Irish nationalism erupted into the Easter Rebellion of 1916. This revolt was suppressed by England and a military occupation of Ireland developed into guerrilla warfare by 1918. The Irish Free State was declared in 1920. The six northern Protestant counties chose to accept dominion status as North Ireland, rather than become a part of the Irish Free State. and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 17th Republican Party Convention, held in Chicago in 1920, chose as its presidential nominee, Warren G. Harding of Ohio. Although he was a handsome, six-foot newspaper publisher and senator, Harding was an inconspicuous politician. Competing for the nominations were nine contenders, and Harding was stringing along in sixth place at the end of the ninth ballot. Harding, the ôdark horse,ö was named the Republican candidate on the 10th ballot after party leaders had convened in the famous ôsmoke-filled roomö at the Blackstone Hotel. HardingÆs running mate, Governor Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts, was nominated on the first ballot. ties chose to accept dominion status as North Ireland, rather than become a part of the Irish Free State. and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. When the Democratic Party met in convention on June 28, 1920, at San Francisco, California, they, like the Republicans, did not have an outstanding candidate for the presidency. Woodrow WilsonÆs collapse and lingering illness, plus the countryÆs growing hostility toward his stand on the League of Nations, eliminated him as a possible contender. The first roll call tallied votes for 23 men. After an incredible 43 ballots, Governor James Cox of Ohio achieved the nomination on the 44th. This was the first convention to grant full membership to women, equal with men. The 19th Amendment, giving women the vote, went into effect two months later. ose to accept dominion status as North Ireland, rather than become a part of the Irish Free State. and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Democratic party of 1920 campaigned on a platform calling for ratification of the Versailles Treaty and the League of Nations, multiple domestic reforms, and independence for Ireland and the Philippines. The postwar national sentiment, however, was against involvement in the problems of other countries and of the world in general. The more presidential candidate James Cox and vice-presidential candidate Franklin Roosevelt called for international activity, the more effective was Republican candidate Warren G. HardingÆs campaign from his front porch in Ohio, where he pointed to the comforts and ease of the prewar world and promised to bring America back to ônormalcy.ö as North Ireland, rather than become a part of the Irish Free State. and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The image of Warren Gamaliel Harding that emerged from campaign biographies was that of the small town, simple American - a homespun son of pioneers. He was painted as a warm, uncomplicated human being, with a quiet confidence and ability to solve problems. Campaign literature described his hometown of Marion, Ohio as having ôthe comfortable look of an old shoe.ö Harding conducted a ôfront porchö campaign, staying home except for five short speaking tours in the Midwest and upper South. His speeches were usually vague, avoiding controversial statements and emphasizing typical campaign generalities. The strategy worked: Harding was elected in November. to ônormalcy.ö as North Ireland, rather than become a part of the Irish Free State. and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. An unhappy Woodrow Wilson turned over the Presidency to Warren G. Harding, and his promise of ônormalcy,ö on March 4, 1921. This was the first time a President and President-elect rode to an inaugural ceremony in an automobile. Warren G. HardingÆs handsome face and genial personality gave him a near-perfect image for a United States President. He took the oath of office with Chief Justice Edward Douglass White presiding in the east portico of the Capitol. HardingÆs inauguration was the first ever to be described over radio, and public address amplifiers were placed around the platform so the crowd could hear the proceedings. g was elected in November. to ônormalcy.ö as North Ireland, rather than become a part of the Irish Free State. and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Behave Yourself, ridden by Charles Thompson, began slowly, but saved ground on the last two turns and gained steadily in the stretch to outstay Black Servant in an exciting finish of the 47th Kentucky Derby on May 7, 1921. Black Servant showed fine speed in pacemaking but tired near the end. Behave Yourself, a bay colt sired by Marathon and owned by Colonel Edward Riley Bradley, toured the track in 2:04.2. ite presiding in the east portico of the Capitol. HardingÆs inauguration was the first ever to be described over radio, and public address amplifiers were placed around the platform so the crowd could hear the proceedings. g was elected in November. to ônormalcy.ö as North Ireland, rather than become a part of the Irish Free State. and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The leaders of the liberated style in the early 1920s were known as ôBright Young Thingsö and their activities filled the gossip columns of the daily papers. The most astute fashion analyst could not have predicted the radical changes. Styles had departed from all resemblance to earlier tradition. Hair was bobbed, straightened, glossed, and pointed forward above the ears. Shoulder lines were close-fitting, waistlines fell to or below the hips, and skirt hems rose to just above the calves. The flattened figure with its somewhat sexless, tomboyish silhouette was compensated for with side-to-side exaggeration of the hip movements when walking. November. to ônormalcy.ö as North Ireland, rather than become a part of the Irish Free State. and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. All the games in the 1921 series were played in New YorkÆs Polo Grounds, the home of both the New York Giants and the New York Yankees, in the first all-New York World Series. It was also the first Series under the administration of legendary commissioner Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis. The Giants beat the rival Yankees, five games to three, in games from October 5 through the 13th. The Yanks were hurt by the loss of Babe Ruth (because of an infected arm and a wrenched knee) after the fifth game. Up to that point, the famous slugger had led the club with a .313 average. ted for with side-to-side exaggeration of the hip movements when walking. November. to ônormalcy.ö as North Ireland, rather than become a part of the Irish Free State. and Claude Williams. pplause than he did. On March 19, 1920, the Senate rejected the treaty and the League in its entirety. rned to work. hoped would repair any damage structured within the treaty itself. able benefit when war came. Still, because he had clashed with Wilson, Wood was refused a commission in Europe. Americans held the line and the Germans gave them the nickname Teufelhunde (Devil Dogs). By stopping the Germans at Chateau-Thierry, and then retaking Belleau Wood, the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The last official act of President Woodrow Wilson on March 4, 1921, was to sign a joint resolution (introduced by Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr.) calling for the return of one unknown American soldier from France for burial at home. Interment ceremonies were scheduled for Armistice Day in 1921. The body placed in the tomb of the Unknown Soldier had to be American, and had to be unknown beyond all possibility of identification. On October 24, 1921, in the presence of American and French officers, and French civilian officials of Chalons, Sergeant Edward F. Younger, decorated war hero, chose the Unknown Soldier. He placed a spray of white roses on one of four coffins - the third from the left. The casket with the white roses bore the inscription, ôAn Unknown American who gave his life in the World War.ö The Unknown Soldier reached home on November 9. The funeral took place on November 11, 1921. Various representatives from foreign countries placed their national decorations upon the casket. The casket was lowered into a grave, which contained French soil brought over on the cruiser Olympia. On the tomb of the Unknown Soldier there is the inscription: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On the morning of November 11, 1921, the body of a man whose namelessness symbolized thousands who had given their lives in World War I was lifted from a catafalque in the Capitol Rotunda. The black-draped casket was placed on a caisson and slowly drawn down Pennsylvania Avenue, while a Marine band played ôNearer My God to Thee.ö President Warren Harding, along with Medal of Honor winners and Gold Star Mothers, were in the line of march, but it was ex-President Woodrow Wilson who drew a spontaneous ovation from the hushed and solemn crowd. The once-strong Commander-in-Chief, now stricken and frail, was a grim reminder of American sacrifice in World War I. After the invocation, a bugle sounded a call for two minutes of silence throughout the country. Heads were uncovered, emotion swept through the crowd and lips moved in prayer. And then the Unknown Soldier was laid to rest. ovember 11, 1921. Various representatives from foreign countries placed their national decorations upon the casket. The casket was lowered into a grave, which contained French soil brought over on the cruiser Olympia. On the tomb of the Unknown Soldier there is the inscription: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After the end of the Russian Civil War, the Russian leadership attempted to build a powerful Red Army, never feeling secure against foreign intervention or opposition from within. In 1918, Leon Trotsky became Commissar of War and is credited with organizing an efficient fighting force from the fragments of the pre-revolution army. At the same time, Trotsky began a conflict with Joseph Stalin. With the death of undisputed leader V.I. Lenin in 1924, a power struggle began between Stalin and TrotskyÆs forces. Stalin prevailed and in 1929 Trotsky was ordered to leave Russia. Eventually, Trotsky settled in Mexico City, where he attacked the Stalin regime in Russia. He was convicted in absentia for treason. He was assassinated in Mexico City by a Russian agent in 1940. red, emotion swept through the crowd and lips moved in prayer. And then the Unknown Soldier was laid to rest. ovember 11, 1921. Various representatives from foreign countries placed their national decorations upon the casket. The casket was lowered into a grave, which contained French soil brought over on the cruiser Olympia. On the tomb of the Unknown Soldier there is the inscription: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Eugene Victor Debs was a pioneer American labor union leader and socialist. Debs helped form the American Railway Union in 1893. He ran for President on the Socialist Party ticket in 1900, 1904, 1908, and 1912. During World War I, in 1918, he made a speech condemning government prosecutions for sedition. He was arrested and sentenced to a 10-year term for violation of the Espionage Act. After Debs had served two years and eight months, the sentence was commuted by President Warren G. Harding on Christmas Day, 1921. While a prisoner, Debs ran for president on the Socialist Party ticket and received nearly one million votes. tacked the Stalin regime in Russia. He was convicted in absentia for treason. He was assassinated in Mexico City by a Russian agent in 1940. red, emotion swept through the crowd and lips moved in prayer. And then the Unknown Soldier was laid to rest. ovember 11, 1921. Various representatives from foreign countries placed their national decorations upon the casket. The casket was lowered into a grave, which contained French soil brought over on the cruiser Olympia. On the tomb of the Unknown Soldier there is the inscription: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The British Parliament proposed dividing Ireland into two countries (Ulster and Catholic Ireland) in the Government of Ireland Act of 1920. Catholic Ireland, which had declared itself a republic in 1919, rejected the act and began a fight for total independence. The Irish Republican Army attacked the British in Ireland. The British replied with a brutal special police force, the Black and Tans. They proved to be so cruel in handling the Irish people that Britain was condemned by many countries and earned the lasting hatred of the Irish. In July 1921, a truce took effect and negotiations began between the new Irish Republic and the British government. Sixteen years later, Ireland became a sovereign state. was assassinated in Mexico City by a Russian agent in 1940. red, emotion swept through the crowd and lips moved in prayer. And then the Unknown Soldier was laid to rest. ovember 11, 1921. Various representatives from foreign countries placed their national decorations upon the casket. The casket was lowered into a grave, which contained French soil brought over on the cruiser Olympia. On the tomb of the Unknown Soldier there is the inscription: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1921, Soviet Russia was still in social, political, and economic upheaval, fighting the aftermath of a world war: internal revolution and counter-revolution, resistance from old Russian White Army contingents, foreign intervention, and poverty inherited from the days of the Czars. Economic policies adopted by the new government as it tried to create a socialist state created further confusion, suffering, and violence. Transportation was near collapse, fuel was scarce, and in 1920, crops failed and typhoid struck. American Quakers stepped in to offer aid. took effect and negotiations began between the new Irish Republic and the British government. Sixteen years later, Ireland became a sovereign state. was assassinated in Mexico City by a Russian agent in 1940. red, emotion swept through the crowd and lips moved in prayer. And then the Unknown Soldier was laid to rest. ovember 11, 1921. Various representatives from foreign countries placed their national decorations upon the casket. The casket was lowered into a grave, which contained French soil brought over on the cruiser Olympia. On the tomb of the Unknown Soldier there is the inscription: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Despite Soviet rejections of aid in 1920, Herbert Hoover and his associates in the American Relief Agency had already begun the stockpiling of supplies and the training of personnel, against the time when a request for help would come. On July 13, 1921, faced with actual famine, the Soviet Union, through writer Maxim Gorky, sent a message ôto all honest people.ö He told of the crop failure and the threatened starvation of millions of human beings, and he appealed for ôprompt aid to the Russian people. Give bread and medicine,ö he pleaded. Mr. Hoover replied: ôI have read with great feeling your appeal to Americans for ...assistance to the starving and sick of Russia, more particularly the Russian children.ö Hoover offered American Relief Agency help, based on the release of American prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Despite widespread wage cuts, 20,000 business failures for the year, and unemployment of 4,750,000 around the country, New York City crowds were busy preparing for the Christmas holidays, and the display of toys continued to fascinate youngsters. Those who could go to the theater in New York City at Christmas time in 1921 saw Eugene OÆNeillÆs Anna Christie, which had catapulted the young playwright to international fame, or Arthur RichmanÆs Ambush. Popular songs of the time included Look for the Silver Lining, Blue Moon, and Down In Chinatown. Hoover replied: ôI have read with great feeling your appeal to Americans for ...assistance to the starving and sick of Russia, more particularly the Russian children.ö Hoover offered American Relief Agency help, based on the release of American prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On October 28, 1921, French Marshal Ferdinand Foch (1851-1929) arrived in New York as a guest of the American Legion and the State Department. In the six weeks Foch was in the country, he travelled 21,000 miles via a special train in a coast-to-coast tour. He was warmly greeted by almost 17 million people - more than the total United States population when Lafayette had visited 100 years earlier. Foch received more than 30 honorary degrees and was inducted into trade unions and social and fraternal organizations. When Marshal Foch sailed for home on December 14, he wept as he said: ôI leave my heart to America as a Christmas gift.ö o the starving and sick of Russia, more particularly the Russian children.ö Hoover offered American Relief Agency help, based on the release of American prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On December 14, 1920, Idaho Senator William E. Borah, member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, introduced a resolution calling for an international conference on the reduction of armaments. His aim: to halt a growing naval arms race between Japan and the United States. Four leading postwar powers (Japan, Britain, France, and Italy) and five secondary powers with trade or interest in the Orient accepted an invitation to meet in Washington, D.C. to confer on joint limitation of armaments. After 12 weeks of deliberation, the conference produced 9 treaties. he wept as he said: ôI leave my heart to America as a Christmas gift.ö o the starving and sick of Russia, more particularly the Russian children.ö Hoover offered American Relief Agency help, based on the release of American prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On September 25, 1921, tests were undertaken in Chesapeake Bay to demonstrate the value of aerial fire in destroying warships at sea. The obsolete battleship U.S.S. Alabama was repeatedly hit until she capsized and sank. Air Service officers claimed the tests were 100 percent perfect, but Naval officers remained skeptical. Air power as a new force in war was again rejected. Brigadier General ôBillyö Mitchell, the leading exponent of air power, called for a unified command of the Armed Forces. He accused the high military and naval command of ôincompetency, criminal negligence, and almost treasonal administrationö of national defense. In 1925, he was court-martialled for conduct prejudicial to good order and military discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Jimmy Murphy, driving a Duesenberg, won the 1921 Grand Prix Auto Race on the Le Mans Circuit on July 25. This was the first time in auto racing history that an American car and driver won a Continental Grand Prix. Murphy led in 17 of the 30 circuits of the course making 323.5 miles in 4 hours, 7 minutes, and 10 seconds, an average of 78.5 miles an hour. was again rejected. Brigadier General ôBillyö Mitchell, the leading exponent of air power, called for a unified command of the Armed Forces. He accused the high military and naval command of ôincompetency, criminal negligence, and almost treasonal administrationö of national defense. In 1925, he was court-martialled for conduct prejudicial to good order and military discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Sun Yat-sen helped to overthrow ChinaÆs ruling Manchu dynasty in 1911, and a decade later established a new Chinese republic in southern China. Sun hoped to establish a Chinese republic based upon his Three PeopleÆs Principles (nationalism, democracy, and peopleÆs livelihood). He founded the political party TÆung Meng Hui (later renamed the Kuomintang). But the ôFather of the Revolutionö never lived to see the republic he wanted for China. Sun Yat-sen died of liver cancer while attending a conference in Peking on March 12, 1925. The Kuomintang appointed General Chiang Kai-shek commander in chief in September 1925. Chiang succeeded in uniting China under one government, until the Communist revolution of the 1940s. y discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Cardinal Achille Ratti was elected pope after the death of Pope Benedict XV in 1922. Ratti chose the name of Pius XI. Pope Pius XI was born in Desio, Italy in 1857, the son of a silk weaver. As Pope, he repeatedly condemned communism and issued three Encyclicals of importance on labor, communism and papal infallibility. His support of the Franco revolution in Spain drew widespread protests from liberals. Pope Pius XI negotiated the Lateran Treaty with Mussolini, by which Vatican City was established and recognized by the Italian Government as a separate state. hiang Kai-shek commander in chief in September 1925. Chiang succeeded in uniting China under one government, until the Communist revolution of the 1940s. y discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Georges Clemenceau (1841-1929) led France through the critical days of World War I and headed the French delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919. While on a speaking tour of the United States in the autumn of 1922, Clemenceau observed Thanksgiving Day by visiting the home of Abraham Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois and laying a wreath on his grave. Outside the tomb he spoke, with great emotion, about the spirit of Lincoln. Later, in St. Louis, Clemenceau gently chided America for its return to isolationism and predicted that America should remain prepared to become involved in European affairs again in the future. eded in uniting China under one government, until the Communist revolution of the 1940s. y discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Organized opposition to V.I. LeninÆs Bolshevik Party came from several groups of dissidents: the Kadet Party, the Mensheviks, and Socialist Revolutionaries. Each political group had conflicting methods for attaining Socialism. By 1921 the Bolsheviks had suppressed almost all of this opposition. 114 Socialist Revolutionaries were put on public trial June 8, 1922, and charged with counterrevolutionary crimes. They were given short prison terms and then allowed to go abroad. hided America for its return to isolationism and predicted that America should remain prepared to become involved in European affairs again in the future. eded in uniting China under one government, until the Communist revolution of the 1940s. y discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1919, after World War I, Benito Mussolini began organizing a new political party with unique political beliefs - Fascism. Fascism emphasized national pride, encouraged prejudice, and set itself up as champion of law and order. MussoliniÆs party militia consisted mainly of discontented ex-soldiers who dissolved strikes and trade unions and attacked radical and progressive groups such as Communists and Socialists. Gradually the Fascists acquired the group name of ôBlack Shirts,ö that being the most prominent feature of their uniforms. Mussolini and his Fascists seized control of the Italian government in 1922, in a march on Rome. in uniting China under one government, until the Communist revolution of the 1940s. y discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On February 27, 1922, the United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the Woman Suffrage Amendment was constitutional. The CourtÆs decision was the final answer to die-hard opponents who had continued to raise constitutional points in attempts to scuttle the 19th Amendment, which gave American women full voting rights. The Suffrage movement was formally started in 1848. In June, 1919, the 19th Amendment emerged from Congress and was referred to the states, with Wisconsin becoming the first state to ratify the Amendment. It took another 14 months until Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify, making the proposed Amendment law. uniting China under one government, until the Communist revolution of the 1940s. y discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1920, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave American women the vote. A new attitude of freedom began to be reflected in womenÆs fashions of the following years. Corsets went a little farther out of style, and bathing costumes moved just a little higher above the knee. The era of the flapper was close on the horizon. ffrage movement was formally started in 1848. In June, 1919, the 19th Amendment emerged from Congress and was referred to the states, with Wisconsin becoming the first state to ratify the Amendment. It took another 14 months until Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify, making the proposed Amendment law. uniting China under one government, until the Communist revolution of the 1940s. y discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Felice Nazzaro won the 1922 French Grand Prix on July 15, 1922, on the Strasbourg Circuit at an average speed of 79.2 miles per hour. Nazzaro drove his Fiat, with a 90-horsepower, 2 litre, six-cylinder engine, over the 499-mile course with assurance and ease. The 1922 Grand Prix had more nonstarters than any race to date. The Fiat proved to be such a superior car in the pre-race tryouts that the Ballot, Benz, Bianchi, Delage, Mercedes, Rolland-Pilain and Talbot Darracq entries all withdrew from the race. ratify the Amendment. It took another 14 months until Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify, making the proposed Amendment law. uniting China under one government, until the Communist revolution of the 1940s. y discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The aircraft carrier began after the first World War as clumsy, modified cruisers. As early as 1919, planes were catapulted off the battleship U.S.S. North Carolina. In 1922, the battleship U.S.S. Oklahoma was used as a take-off base for catapulting seaplanes. In 1919, the Navy had authorized the conversion of the coal ship Jupiter to aircraft carrier. She was completed and recommissioned the U.S.S. Langley in 1922. Delage, Mercedes, Rolland-Pilain and Talbot Darracq entries all withdrew from the race. ratify the Amendment. It took another 14 months until Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify, making the proposed Amendment law. uniting China under one government, until the Communist revolution of the 1940s. y discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. 60,000 fans were on hand in 1923 as ôAuto Kingö Jimmy Murphy won the first event of the auto racing season in Los Angeles. Murphy finished the 250-mile race on the Los Angeles Speedway in 2 hours, 9 minutes, and 43 seconds. MurphyÆs average speed of 115.8 miles an hour topped his own track record of 114.6 miles per hour and set a new worldÆs record. r. She was completed and recommissioned the U.S.S. Langley in 1922. Delage, Mercedes, Rolland-Pilain and Talbot Darracq entries all withdrew from the race. ratify the Amendment. It took another 14 months until Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify, making the proposed Amendment law. uniting China under one government, until the Communist revolution of the 1940s. y discipline. World War II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The year 1923 was the year of the infamous Teapot Dome and Elk Hills scandals, which almost caused the impeachment of President Warren G. Harding. It was discovered that his Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall, had received a huge bribe for the transfer of the Teapot Dome naval oil reserves in Wyoming to the Sinclair Oil Company. Fall had also received a $100,000 interest-free ôloanö from Edward C. Doheny for the transfer of the Elk Hills reserve. Secretary Fall received a prison term after a Senate investigation, and President Harding was severely criticized for possible implication in those events. The Florida vacation trip, which began on March 7, 1923, was the first holiday Harding and his wife Florence had taken in 12 months. ar II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Red Army was created in 1918. In January of that year, a Soviet decree provided that any citizen 18 years of age or over could volunteer for the new Red Army. A trade union or army committee had to vouch for the military candidate. Salary would be 150 rubles per month. Thousands of recruits responded, but they remained an untrained rabble. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Leon Trotsky became War Commissar, whereupon he began to form a regular army based on conscription, authority, and discipline. The process took several years. Trotsky did not hesitate to use former czarist officers as an officer corps, appointing new political commissars to watch over these old officers. y Harding and his wife Florence had taken in 12 months. ar II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The post-Civil War Ku Klux Klan was a secret organization which claimed to be an ôinvisible empireö formed in order to protect white people from blacks and Northern ôcarpetbaggers.ö The KlanÆs attempts to assert the superiority of whites and terrorize its enemies created so much indignation that Congress voted to suppress the group in 1867. In 1915, the Klan was reorganized in Atlanta, Georgia by preacher and promoter Colonel William Simmons. By the 1920s, the Klan was drawing hundreds of thousands of people from the North, the South, and the Midwest. Some tied the reappearance of the Klan to American postwar hysteria over communism and perceived un-Americanism. ese old officers. y Harding and his wife Florence had taken in 12 months. ar II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. President Warren Gamaliel Harding died suddenly on August 2, 1923, while stopped in San Francisco on his way home from a trip to Alaska. On that night Calvin Coolidge, vice president of the United States, had gone to bed at nine oÆclock. He was staying at his fatherÆs home in Plymouth Notch, Vermont, where he too was enjoying a short vacation. He was awakened at 2:30 a.m. and informed of President HardingÆs death. Coolidge dressed quickly and entered the family parlor, where his father, Colonel John Calvin Coolidge, a notary public, administered the oath of office to his son using his wifeÆs Bible. n postwar hysteria over communism and perceived un-Americanism. ese old officers. y Harding and his wife Florence had taken in 12 months. ar II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 19, 1923, one of AmericaÆs best jockeys, Earle Sande, won his first Kentucky Derby while riding Zev to victory in the 49th Churchill Downs classic. Zev won a record Derby purse of $53,600 for his owners, Rancocas Stables. A huge field of 21 horses went to the post and Zev, breaking from the 10th position from the inner rail, went to the front with all the speed for which he was famous. There was little doubt that the bay colt would win the race. Zev ran the mile and a quarter in 2:05 on a fast track, becoming the horse with shortest name ever to win the Derby. is son using his wifeÆs Bible. n postwar hysteria over communism and perceived un-Americanism. ese old officers. y Harding and his wife Florence had taken in 12 months. ar II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The winner of the September 9, 1923 Miss America pageant was 17-year-old Mary Catherine Campbell of Columbus, Ohio. News reports described Campbell as having golden brown hair and ôchiseledö features with almost perfect form. She was 5-foot, 6-inches tall and weighed 129 pounds. Fashion mavens noted that while two of the three finalists, Miss Philadelphia and Miss St. Louis, had bobbed hair, the winner triumphed with an abundance of long tresses. ace. Zev ran the mile and a quarter in 2:05 on a fast track, becoming the horse with shortest name ever to win the Derby. is son using his wifeÆs Bible. n postwar hysteria over communism and perceived un-Americanism. ese old officers. y Harding and his wife Florence had taken in 12 months. ar II later proved MitchellÆs views correct. n prisoners. Five weeks later, the first ship arrived in Petrograd with 700 tons of balanced rations. In that city alone, there were 65,000 widows and 160,000 children. From 1921 to 1923, the American agencies fed some 15,000,000 Russians, inoculated 8,000,000 persons, and delivered $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin died on January 21, 1924, after a series of strokes which began in 1922. The question of a successor was in the forefront of everyoneÆs mind. According to LeninÆs will, known only to a few, he was concerned about the antagonism between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. He felt they complemented each other and should be able to share the reins of party and government successfully. A remark which he dictated on January 4, 1923, claimed that Lenin finally favored Trotsky because of StalinÆs supposed crudeness. At the time of LeninÆs death, Trotsky was not in Moscow, which gave Stalin a chance to consolidate his own position, and he soon emerged as the countryÆs new leading power. LeninÆs funeral took place in below-freezing weather, with thousands of people marching into Red Square to pay tribute to their leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Smuggling was a lucrative occupation in early colonial America. And Yankee smuggling returned in 1919, when the Volstead Act prohibited the sale of liquor under the 18th Amendment to the Constitution. Smugglers circumvented governmental controls on a larger-than-ever scale. Ships under the protection of foreign flags hovered just outside territorial waters, laden with contraband liquor, ready to dash for shore. They remained within easy communication of accomplices, establishing an unfailing source of supply to bootleggers. In spite of the efforts of both the Coast Guard and more than 3,000 agents of the Prohibition Bureau, not more than 5 percent of the rum-running was stopped. w leading power. LeninÆs funeral took place in below-freezing weather, with thousands of people marching into Red Square to pay tribute to their leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In January of 1924, the U.S. Army and Navy held a mock war to dramatize the military and commercial importance of the Panama Canal and explore the strength or weakness of the ZoneÆs defenses. During the maneuvers, the Black ôenemyö forces shattered the friendly Blues and caught the Pacific Fleet in a trap. In evaluating the maneuvers, military authorities concluded that the home fleet was outranged, that PanamaÆs fortifications were inadequate, and that the Canal was at the mercy of any hostile power. They recommended that the U.S. spend $15 million annually for the necessary personnel to protect the Canal. ohibition Bureau, not more than 5 percent of the rum-running was stopped. w leading power. LeninÆs funeral took place in below-freezing weather, with thousands of people marching into Red Square to pay tribute to their leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. During the prohibition era, federal agents were kept busy checking for illegal breweries. Al Capone, a notorious gangster of the 1920s who operated out of Chicago, killed his competitors and gained control of that cityÆs illegal liquor production and distributing market. During the period between June 30, 1919, when Prohibition went into effect, and 1933, when the law was repealed, bootlegging became a major American industry with rum-running, beer breweries, and stills. Despite the Prohibition BureauÆs diligence, illegal brew remained plentiful. annually for the necessary personnel to protect the Canal. ohibition Bureau, not more than 5 percent of the rum-running was stopped. w leading power. LeninÆs funeral took place in below-freezing weather, with thousands of people marching into Red Square to pay tribute to their leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1924, the 18th Republican Party Convention nominated President Calvin Coolidge for reelection on the first ballot. Chicago banker Charles Dawes was chosen for vice president at the Cleveland, Ohio convention. As Warren G. HardingÆs vice president, Coolidge had taken over the presidency after HardingÆs sudden death on August 3, 1923. Increasing prosperity had produced a public apathy for politics and the delegates reflected this mood. Playing up CoolidgeÆs taciturn placidity, the Republicans adopted the campaign slogan ôKeep Cool With Coolidge.ö annually for the necessary personnel to protect the Canal. ohibition Bureau, not more than 5 percent of the rum-running was stopped. w leading power. LeninÆs funeral took place in below-freezing weather, with thousands of people marching into Red Square to pay tribute to their leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1924, the Democratic Party took 103 ballots over 13 days before agreeing on a nominee. A sharp chasm between the two leading candidates turned the convention into a shambles. The Northern wing, led by New York Governor Alfred E. Smith, was supported by city machines made up largely of immigrant Catholics and active enemies of Prohibition. The Southern and Midwest Wings, largely Protestant and solidly pro-prohibition, joined forces behind former Secretary of the Treasury William Gibbs McAdoo. On the 103rd ballot, the exhausted delegates elected a compromise candidate: John W. Davis, an Eastern corporation lawyer. Pundits said Davis won the nomination because ônobody knew him well enough to dislike him.ö eral took place in below-freezing weather, with thousands of people marching into Red Square to pay tribute to their leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. John William Davis, the DemocratsÆ compromise candidate of 1924, was handicapped by an election platform too ambiguous to attract passionate support from any bloc of voters. An anti-Ku Klux Klan plank had been defeated by only one vote, causing dissatisfaction among Southerners and Northerners alike. Endorsement of the League of Nations was spelled out in such cautious terms that it pleased neither advocates of world organization nor isolationists. Virtual silence on the issue of Prohibition left both the ôdrysö and the ôwetsö disappointed. Lastly, public attention was dissipated by the three-party campaign which the Democrats shared with the Republicans and the Progressives. In November the Democrats went down to one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Calvin Coolidge and Charles G. Dawes, Republican candidates for president and vice president, respectively, campaigned amid an unusual three-party race. Public interest in national and international politics was at a low ebb. Voters seemed to yawn when Democrats tried to create indignation over the Teapot Dome oil scandal. ôSilent Calö stayed calm, quiet, and unperturbed. The liberal third party of Robert La Follette was fighting a losing battle in a time of reviving prosperity. In the end, voters liked the status quo and voted Coolidge back into office. ttention was dissipated by the three-party campaign which the Democrats shared with the Republicans and the Progressives. In November the Democrats went down to one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Robert Marion La Follette of Wisconsin was the Progressive Party candidate for the presidency in 1924. Referring to Republican candidate Calvin Coolidge and Democratic candidate John W. Davis as the ôGold Dust Twins,ö La Follette and the Progressives tried to sell the electorate on a political program that largely repeated the positions of the 1890 Populists. The recent Russian Revolution, however, had struck fear into conservative American hearts, and the Progressives were looked upon as dangerous radicals. Waging an uphill battle in an atmosphere of prosperity, and handicapped by public apathy to political issues, the Progressive Party carried only one state: La FolletteÆs native Wisconsin. mocrats went down to one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In the early 1920s, before the advent of the very short skirt, fashion demanded that coats and cloaks be worn hitched up in front so that the back view presented one long curve from shoulder to hem. There was a certain art in the arrangement of this form of drapery; contemporary fashion articles frequently stressed correct methods of achieving this curious shape. The secret seemed to lay very largely in pulling the collar away from the back of the neck until the shoulder line was out of place. This resulted in all superfluous fullness being collected below the waist and gathered nonchalantly to be held with one hand. he Progressive Party carried only one state: La FolletteÆs native Wisconsin. mocrats went down to one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1923, after the sudden death of Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge had taken his first oath of office by the light of a kerosene lamp in his Vermont family homestead. The oath was first administered to him by his father, a notary and a justice of the peace, and then Coolidge repeated the oath in Washington, administered by Justice Adolph August Hoehling. On March 4, 1925, after his own election to the presidency, Coolidge took the oath of office in the east portico of the Capitol, administered by Chief Justice William Howard Taft. being collected below the waist and gathered nonchalantly to be held with one hand. he Progressive Party carried only one state: La FolletteÆs native Wisconsin. mocrats went down to one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Schneider maritime cup race for seaplanes was a three-nation contest in 1925, with pilots from Britain, Italy, and the United States in competition. American Army pilot Jimmy Doolittle had become fascinated with high-speed seaplanes. His interest paid off when the Flying Lieutenant broke all records for the race while earning his victory. The course for the Schneider race was a 217-mile lap, which Jimmy managed with an average speed of 232.57 m.p.h., 43 m.p.h. faster than the previous yearÆs winner. 17 years later, Doolittle would lead the first American air raid on Tokyo in World War II. be held with one hand. he Progressive Party carried only one state: La FolletteÆs native Wisconsin. mocrats went down to one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On January 30, 1925, Floyd Collins entered Sand Cave, part of Mammoth Caves, Kentucky, searching for a spot that would make a good tourist attraction. When Collins did not return 24 hours later, a friend crawled into the mouth of the cave and shouted to Collins, who responded faintly that his foot was caught under a heavy boulder. A newspaperman wriggled into the hole to interview Collins, and the story of the entrapment made headlines everywhere. For more than two weeks, experts argued among themselves over the best possible means of rescue. On the 18th day of CollinsÆ entombment, a rescue worker finally reached him, but Collins had already died. y one state: La FolletteÆs native Wisconsin. mocrats went down to one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On June 25, 1925, President Calvin Coolidge and his wife Grace visited the landing place of the Pilgrims and saw Plymouth Rock, the first spot where the Pilgrims went ashore. At Mansfield, Massachusetts, President and Mrs. Coolidge visited the home and grave of Daniel Webster - statesman, former Massachusetts senator and lawyer. Citizen soldiers at Camp Devens, Massachusetts, ended their summer training with military demonstrations for the Chief Executive and his wife. s, experts argued among themselves over the best possible means of rescue. On the 18th day of CollinsÆ entombment, a rescue worker finally reached him, but Collins had already died. y one state: La FolletteÆs native Wisconsin. mocrats went down to one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On September 3, 1925, the U.S. Navy dirigible Shenandoah was ripped apart by a 70-mile-an-hour squall over Caldwell, Ohio. At 5:30 on the morning of the 3rd, winds from the squall forced the craft upward to 6,000 feet, where it fell apart in three sections. Fourteen officers and men were killed and two were injured seriously. There were 27 survivors. The Shenandoah was the first helium-filled airship built in the United States. for the Chief Executive and his wife. s, experts argued among themselves over the best possible means of rescue. On the 18th day of CollinsÆ entombment, a rescue worker finally reached him, but Collins had already died. y one state: La FolletteÆs native Wisconsin. mocrats went down to one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Faced with a series of public scandals and dwindling membership, the once powerful Ku Klux Klan announced a national mobilization in Washington, D.C. for August 8, 1925. Despite protests from angry citizens and newspapers all over the country, a parade permit was granted to the Klan with the proviso that they march unmasked. At three oÆclock in the afternoon, 40,000 unmasked, white-robed Klansmen and women, with hoods flung back and arms folded, paraded along Pennsylvania Avenue from the Capitol to the Treasury Building and then on to the Washington Monument. Some 200,000 spectators viewed the march quietly. ched him, but Collins had already died. y one state: La FolletteÆs native Wisconsin. mocrats went down to one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. William Jennings Bryan, American lawyer and political leader, died of apoplexy in 1925 at age 65. He was nominated for the presidency in 1896 and 1900, but was defeated both times by William McKinley. In 1908, he was nominated for the third time, but lost to William Howard Taft. Just prior to his death, Bryan was one of the prosecuting attorneys in the celebrated Scopes trial, in which John Scopes was indicted for teaching the theory of evolution in his biology classes. Bryan was known to be hostile to ideas of evolution, but when cross-examined by Clarence Darrow, counsel for Mr. Scopes, BryanÆs ignorance of discoveries of modern science was exposed. Bryan was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia. o one of the worst defeats in their history, collecting barely 25% percent of the presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On April 15, 1919, two men were killed in a payroll holdup in Braintree, Massachusetts. One year later, on May 5, 1920, two Italian immigrant radicals were accused of killing the paymaster and his guard and stealing $16,000. Nicola Sacco, a shoemaker, and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, a fish peddler, were convicted by a jury which deliberated for six hours. For the next six years, public support for the defendants grew as the case went through appeals and counter-charges. Many people, including celebrities like Dorothy Parker and Robert Benchley, believed the two men were convicted only because of their political opinions. Even the trial judge had publicly boasted about convicting ôthose anarchistic bastards.ö Despite protest marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. One of AmericaÆs early strides into the conflict between science and religion took place in Tennessee in 1925, with the arrest of John T. Scopes, a 25-year-old high school biology teacher. He was charged with teaching the theory of evolution, a violation of the state law. The ensuing trial became, in essence, a public argument between established fundamental values and progressive scientific theories. The trial also attracted attention due to its famous defense and prosecuting attorneys: Clarence Darrow, defending Scopes, and William Jennings Bryan, ex-presidential candidate, leading the prosecution. Scopes was convicted and fined $100; the decision was later reversed by a higher court. stic bastards.ö Despite protest marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. William ôBillyö Mitchell (1879-1936) is considered to be the father of the U.S. Army Air Forces. As an air corps officer in the 1920s, Mitchell campaigned hard for increased emphasis on air power in warfare. Mitchell conducted tests to prove that a battleship could be sunk by a group of bombers in a matter of seconds, but many leading generals and admirals were not convinced. When Mitchell argued his case more strongly and attacked his superiorsÆ policies, he was charged with insubordination, found guilty, and sentenced to five yearsÆ suspension from the service without pay or allowances. Mitchell resigned one year later. In 1946 Congress awarded Mitchell a posthumous Medal of Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In the World Series of 1925 (October 7-15, 1925), the Pittsburgh Pirates staged a remarkable comeback to win four games to three after the Washington Senators had gone off to a three-game-to-one lead. The PiratesÆ hitting star was Max Carey, who slugged at a .458 pace. Their hero, however, was former Athletics and Red Sox first baseman, Stuffy McInnis. With the Pirates trailing three games to one, Manager Bill McKechnie benched first baseman George Grantham and sent McInnis to first base, where he helped spark a drive which enabled the Pirates to win three straight games. or allowances. Mitchell resigned one year later. In 1946 Congress awarded Mitchell a posthumous Medal of Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Leading almost all the way, Peter De Paola became the first man in history to break the 100-m.p.h. barrier at Indianapolis on May 30, 1925. De Paola drove a Duesenberg at an average speed of 101.13 m.p.h. over the 500-mile distance, setting a record that was to last for seven years. The biggest challenge for De Paola came in the last few laps, when Bennett Hill replaced Dave Lewis in LewisÆ car, a Miller Junior. Hill came within one-half of a lap of De Paola as the race ended. irst base, where he helped spark a drive which enabled the Pirates to win three straight games. or allowances. Mitchell resigned one year later. In 1946 Congress awarded Mitchell a posthumous Medal of Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Antonio Ascari was leading the 1925 Grand Prix in Montlhery, France, when the wheels of his Alfa Romeo got caught on the grass verge in a simple bend in the track. Ascari lost control, flipped over, and crashed upside down in a ditch. He was killed instantly. As a result, the rest of the Alfa Romeo team withdrew from the race. They faced their cars toward the grandstand, revved the engines up to a full pitch in a kind of defiant grief, and then cut them off abruptly. The Alfas were then wheeled away. The June 6 race was eventually won by Robert Benoist, who drove a Delage racer. ces. Mitchell resigned one year later. In 1946 Congress awarded Mitchell a posthumous Medal of Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Seventy-three hopeful beauties entered the 1926 Miss America Pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 9. The honored guest, Theodore Robinson, assistant secretary of the Navy, arrived by seaplane to take part in the pageant. A crowd of 50,000 watched with approval as Miss Tulsa, Norma Smallwood, was chosen Miss America. Smallwood was 18 years old, a brunette, and wore a blue gown trimmed with blue lace and a large, salmon-colored sash. cut them off abruptly. The Alfas were then wheeled away. The June 6 race was eventually won by Robert Benoist, who drove a Delage racer. ces. Mitchell resigned one year later. In 1946 Congress awarded Mitchell a posthumous Medal of Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1926, Soviet Russia was beginning to emerge from the chaos of World War I, the Revolution of 1917 and a civil war. The period of peace gave the new government an opportunity to begin rebuilding its industry. The rest of the world had not expected the new government to last through the exhausting years of war and revolution, but it did. In 1926, a festival celebrating Soviet RussiaÆs rebirth was held in Moscow with parades representing the many different nationalities within the Soviet Union, as well as foreign countries. entually won by Robert Benoist, who drove a Delage racer. ces. Mitchell resigned one year later. In 1946 Congress awarded Mitchell a posthumous Medal of Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Queen Marie of Romania arrived in New York City for her first visit on October 18, 1926. Despite fog and rain, the Queen and her two children received a hearty welcome. Her Majesty said that she had come to thank America for aid to all nations. After the traditional parade up Broadway, Mayor Jimmy Walker welcomed Queen Marie at City Hall, where she made her first radio speech. The royal party continued its journey through the United States, where the Queen was received by enthusiastic crowds. On November 1, she was adopted by the Sioux Nation and became a ôwar woman,ö to the beating of battle drums. ned one year later. In 1946 Congress awarded Mitchell a posthumous Medal of Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Charles G. Dawes was vice president under Calvin Coolidge and served as ambassador to Great Britain from 1929-1932. In 1925, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize with Sir Austen Chamberlain, British foreign secretary, for their work creating a plan for the stabilization of postwar Germany after her defeat in 1918. The plan was known as the ôDawes Planö because he chaired the committee. General John ôBlack Jackö Pershing (1860-1948) achieved his greatest fame as commander in chief of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I. d became a ôwar woman,ö to the beating of battle drums. ned one year later. In 1946 Congress awarded Mitchell a posthumous Medal of Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. A 60-mile stretch of FloridaÆs east coast from Miami to Palm Beach was devastated on September 18, 1926, by a tropical hurricane that swept in from the Atlantic Ocean. With 130 mile-per-hour winds, the worst recorded to that time, the hurricane left in its wake 373 known dead, 3,000-5,000 injured, and 38,000 homeless. Miami was in ruins with property loss estimated at $100 million. Every boat in the harbor was sunk and every vestige of the city dock system was swept away. 2,000 buildings were ruined. ionary Forces in Europe during World War I. d became a ôwar woman,ö to the beating of battle drums. ned one year later. In 1946 Congress awarded Mitchell a posthumous Medal of Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1921, Rudolph Valentino was given his first starring role in The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, playing a rich young man from Argentina who spent his life dancing, loving, and fighting. He was an instant success. His exotic good looks and superb physique dissolved women and enraged men. His romantic acting earned him the title of ôThe Great Lover,ö and it is said he believed in his qualities as sincerely as did his fans. Perhaps his most famous part was the title role in 1921Æs The Sheik. Valentino died suddenly of peritonitis in New York City at the age of 31, on August 23, 1926. His funeral produced one of the centuryÆs first scenes of star-created public hysteria. Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The first woman to succeed in swimming the English Channel was Gertrude Caroline Ederle, an 20-year-old American. At 7:09 a.m. on August 6, 1926, Ederle plunged into the cold waters of the English Channel at Cape Griz-Nez, France to the cheers of fellow swimmers assembled at a training camp. She landed at Kingsdown near Deal, England at 9:40 that night. Her time of 14 hours, 31 minutes, swum in rough seas with a constant stinging spray in her face, broke the best menÆs time to that point by over two hours. EderleÆs swim ended in a blaze of lights - the English had lighted massive bonfires along the coast to guide her. centuryÆs first scenes of star-created public hysteria. Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Marathon dancing had its start in America with a contest won by Alma Cummings, who wore out six partners on her way to a world record of 27 hours of nonstop dancing on March 30-31, 1923. On April 19, her record was surpassed in Cleveland with a duration of 90 hours and 10 minutes. Suddenly, a fad was born. Competitions took place all over the country, culminating in a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania contest which lasted from June through November of 1932. A number of deaths were attributed to overexertion caused by marathon dancing. a blaze of lights - the English had lighted massive bonfires along the coast to guide her. centuryÆs first scenes of star-created public hysteria. Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. With the improvement of road conditions, the stagecoach became the most popular form of group transportation from the early 18th century through the early 19th century. Before public roads were built, travel was limited to horseback or foot. The stagecoach was able to carry groups of people a then-amazing 25 to 40 miles a day. Stagecoaches died out in the early 19th century with the construction of a faster mode of transportation: the railroad. The railroad marked the beginning of rapid changes, as cars and then airplanes were introduced to the travelling public. ighted massive bonfires along the coast to guide her. centuryÆs first scenes of star-created public hysteria. Honor for his important contributions. t marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Cardinals won their first pennant in 1926, thanks to the willingness of the St. Louis management to take on Grover Cleveland Alexander in the middle of the season. Not only did Alexander prove to be a big help during the season, but he went on to be the star of the World Series as well. After winning the second and sixth games for manager Rogers Hornsby, the great Alex was called upon to relieve Jess Haines with the bases full in the seventh inning of the seventh game. The batter, Tony Lazzeri, promptly ripped a vicious line drive that barely went foul down the left field line. Alexander then fanned the dangerous Lazzeri to save the game and the series for the Cardinals, defeating the Yankees four games to three. marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Speed, plus the ability to kick the ball through the uprights, gave Notre Dame a 13 - 12 victory over Southern California in a 1926 game before 90,000 spectators at the Los Angeles Coliseum. The failure of Southern Californian Trojans to kick extra points after their two touchdowns cost them the game. The two points were the margin of victory in the battle between two evenly matched teams keyed to a winning pitch. the bases full in the seventh inning of the seventh game. The batter, Tony Lazzeri, promptly ripped a vicious line drive that barely went foul down the left field line. Alexander then fanned the dangerous Lazzeri to save the game and the series for the Cardinals, defeating the Yankees four games to three. marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. ôLighthorse Harryö Wilson led the Army team to a 14-9 victory over the Navy before 70,000 patriotic fans at New York CityÆs Polo Grounds. Army trailed the Navy 2-0 at half time, and looked bad doing so; the West Pointers were not able to move the ball out of the shadow of their own goal posts. In the second half, however, it was a different story as Wilson led his team to triumph. He carried for repeated gains through the MiddiesÆ line and twice scored touchdowns to give the Army a 14-9 triumph. , promptly ripped a vicious line drive that barely went foul down the left field line. Alexander then fanned the dangerous Lazzeri to save the game and the series for the Cardinals, defeating the Yankees four games to three. marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. During the 1920s the circulation of paper money in the United States reached such an enormous volume that the government decided to reduce costs by reducing the size of the bills. Secretary of Treasury Andrew Mellon announced that all new bills would be printed 1 1/2 inches shorter and 1/2 inch narrower. Smaller bills would take less paper and, since they would presumably need to be folded less, last longer. Mellon predicted a savings of over $1.5 million on paper, labor, and ink in the first year alone. y ripped a vicious line drive that barely went foul down the left field line. Alexander then fanned the dangerous Lazzeri to save the game and the series for the Cardinals, defeating the Yankees four games to three. marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1927, the Charleston became the popular dance step with both professional entertainers and the general public. Originally danced in cabarets, the Charleston was a very active dance, featuring exuberant side kicks and wriggling movements. Soon children were dancing it in the street, and adults were kicking and weaving in nightclubs across the country. The Charleston even moved off land, into the air and onto the water: Mildred Unger, age 10, danced the Charleston on the top wing of a plane - 2,000 feet up. ped a vicious line drive that barely went foul down the left field line. Alexander then fanned the dangerous Lazzeri to save the game and the series for the Cardinals, defeating the Yankees four games to three. marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Senator Robert M. La Follette (1855-1925) crusaded for reforms in government, including direct primaries, equalization of taxation and control of railroad rates. He resigned his governorship of Wisconsin to run for the U.S. Senate in 1905, then remained a senator until he ran for President in 1924 on the Progressive Party ticket. Jo Davidson (1883-1952) was an American sculptor famous for his portrait busts of 20th century leaders, portraits which were not only physically accurate, but also psychologically insightful. Called the ôbiographer in bronze,ö DavidsonÆs work included lifelike sculptures of Woodrow Wilson, Mahatma Gandhi, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Albert Einstein, and Robert M. La Follette. games to three. marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Henry Ford got back into harness after a two-month illness just in time to see the 15-millionth Ford come off the assembly line on May 26, 1927. To celebrate the carÆs completion, he brought out the Ford Museum car ônumber oneö built in 1903. As the new car neared the end of the conveyor, Edsel Ford climbed behind the wheel and his father climbed into the front seat beside him. The engine was started. Edsel drove the car off the end of the assembly line and Henry Ford then drove the antiquated 1903 version. ghtful. Called the ôbiographer in bronze,ö DavidsonÆs work included lifelike sculptures of Woodrow Wilson, Mahatma Gandhi, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Albert Einstein, and Robert M. La Follette. games to three. marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At 7:52 a.m. on May 20, 1927, Charles Augustus Lindbergh climbed into the cockpit of the Spirit of St. Louis at Roosevelt Field, Long Island. He was about to embark on a 3,600-mile solo journey across the Atlantic, without lights, heat, radio, or automatic pilot. As the wheels of his Wright-powered Ryan monoplane left the runway, crowds across the world began to listen anxiously for news of his progress. Huge throngs jammed Le Bourget Airport outside of Paris where Lindbergh was to land. Thirty-three hours and 29 minutes after takeoff, the handsome young aviator set Spirit of St. Louis smoothly down at Le Bourget. LindberghÆs incredible feat won him a $25,000 prize -- and lifted the world into the ôAir Age.ö three. marches and public discussion, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. he presidential electoral vote. leader. The name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On June 11, 1927, Charles Lindbergh and his plane, Spirit of St. Louis, returned from France on the cruiser Memphis. The Memphis was convoyed by 4 destroyers, 2 Army blimps, and 40 airplanes as she steamed up Chesapeake Bay with the most idolized man of the day. In Washington, D.C., the Lone Eagle modestly acknowledged wildly cheering and tumultuous crowds. In New York City, four million turned out to greet him in the greatest response ever accorded a private citizen. Two hundred vessels, 75 planes, and 10,000 troops took part in a Manhattan celebration that produced 10 times more paper than had been tossed for the Armistice in 1918. The New York Times syndicated his story for a phenomenal $250,000. One newspaper devoted 110 columns of text and pictures to LindberghÆs return trip. The 25-year-old flyer had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Because of unrest in the Central American republic of Nicaragua, the United States intermittently had stationed Marines there since pre-World War I days. In late 1925, the Marines returned after a government rebellion between two rival factions occurred on October 25, 1925. The leader of the revolt, Emiliano Chamorro, became president in January 1926, but the U.S. refused to recognize his government. A liberal insurrection was started by General Augustino Sandino in 1926. The U.S. landed troops and supported the candidacy of Adolfo Diaz, a conservative, for President. Diaz was elected in 1927. been tossed for the Armistice in 1918. The New York Times syndicated his story for a phenomenal $250,000. One newspaper devoted 110 columns of text and pictures to LindberghÆs return trip. The 25-year-old flyer had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1927, Gutzon Borglum set out to carve the faces of four presidents into one of the Black Hills: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt. The four presidents were chosen as representatives of important periods in American history. For 14 years, Borglum led his team of workmen: They used dynamite, steam shovels, compressed air drills, and occasionally a simple hammer and chisel, as they patiently chipped the features of the four presidents into Mt. Rushmore. Gutzon Borglum died in March 1941, and his son Lincoln completed the final details shortly thereafter. een tossed for the Armistice in 1918. The New York Times syndicated his story for a phenomenal $250,000. One newspaper devoted 110 columns of text and pictures to LindberghÆs return trip. The 25-year-old flyer had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1921, Albert Bacon Fall, Secretary of the Interior under Warren Harding, maneuvered the transfer of government-owned oil reservations located at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California, from the Department of the Navy to his own department. Fall then negotiated secret leases for Elk Hills and Teapot Dome with private oilmen. Oilmen gave Fall a $100,000 interest-free ôloanö and $25,000 in Liberty bonds for his actions. Upon receiving the money, Fall resigned from the Cabinet in 1922 and returned to his New Mexico ranch. A Congressional investigation charged fraud and corruption. After a long series of trials ending in 1929, Albert Fall was sentenced to one year in prison and $100,000 fine. It was the first time in American history that an officer of cabinet rank had been jailed as a criminal. had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The controversial death sentences on Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were carried out on August 23, 1927. The two avowed anarchists had been charged with burglary and murder in 1920, but many felt that they had been wrongly arrested and convicted due to their political beliefs. On the day of their electrocution, riot squads wielding machine guns, fire hoses and tear gas broke up demonstrations outside the prison. After the executions, thousands of mourners followed the Sacco-Vanzetti funeral cortege through the rainy streets of Boston. onal investigation charged fraud and corruption. After a long series of trials ending in 1929, Albert Fall was sentenced to one year in prison and $100,000 fine. It was the first time in American history that an officer of cabinet rank had been jailed as a criminal. had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco were arrested in 1920 on charges of killing two men in a 1919 payroll holdup in Braintree, Massachusetts. The two men were avowed political anarchists, a fact which played a prominent role in their trial; after their conviction, the trial judge even publicly boasted about convicting ôthose anarchistic bastards.ö Many public figures rallied behind Sacco and Vanzetti, believing they had been falsely convicted. $360,000 was raised for their defense. But their conviction was upheld, and after seven years of legal fights, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. a long series of trials ending in 1929, Albert Fall was sentenced to one year in prison and $100,000 fine. It was the first time in American history that an officer of cabinet rank had been jailed as a criminal. had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. President Calvin Coolidge, who assumed the Presidency upon the death of President Warren Harding, ran for the office on his own in 1924. He was elected by a solid vote. Four years later, Coolidge had to decide whether to seek his second full term. On August 2, 1927, ôSilent Calö announced that he had decided against being a candidate in 1928. His famous statement, ôI do not choose to run,ö preceded his return to a life of relaxation in New England with his family, friends, and nature. t their conviction was upheld, and after seven years of legal fights, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927. a long series of trials ending in 1929, Albert Fall was sentenced to one year in prison and $100,000 fine. It was the first time in American history that an officer of cabinet rank had been jailed as a criminal. had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 30, 1927, a full field of 33 racing cars waited for the starterÆs flag at the Indianapolis Speedway. According to a 1911 American Automobile Association ruling, 33 was the absolute maximum for a 2 1/2 mile track, and during most of the 1920s, the Indy field stayed well below this limit. Frank Lockhart, Norman Batten, and Peter De Paola were the early leaders in the 1927 race, but a young man named George Souders outlasted them to win the race. Souders, a virtual unknown at the Speedway, waited until the 400th mile before he made a pit stop, at which point he had established an unbeatable two-lap lead. of trials ending in 1929, Albert Fall was sentenced to one year in prison and $100,000 fine. It was the first time in American history that an officer of cabinet rank had been jailed as a criminal. had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On October 28, 1927, a record crowd of 26,000 spectators watched as the University of Detroit bowed to Notre Dame by a score of 20-0. This win gave Notre Dame the Catholic college title. The action never lagged despite the one-sided score, but sportswriters agreed that the better team won. From the outset, it was apparent that Detroit could not match the speed of ôThe Fighting Irish.ö Two passes and a run accounted for the three Notre Dame touchdowns. uders, a virtual unknown at the Speedway, waited until the 400th mile before he made a pit stop, at which point he had established an unbeatable two-lap lead. of trials ending in 1929, Albert Fall was sentenced to one year in prison and $100,000 fine. It was the first time in American history that an officer of cabinet rank had been jailed as a criminal. had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Army defeated Notre Dame 18-0 at New YorkÆs Yankee Stadium on November 2, 1927, before a record crowd of 80,000. Army turned the tables on the Fighting Irish, who just one week before had shut out the University of Detroit. This time it was the Army team who was bigger, faster, and smarter. In the first quarter, ôRedö Cagle ran a spectacular 48 yards for a touchdown and Notre Dame never recovered. In the fourth quarter, Cagle grabbed a beautiful forward pass and scrambled 20 yards to cross the Notre Dame goal line for the final score. a pit stop, at which point he had established an unbeatable two-lap lead. of trials ending in 1929, Albert Fall was sentenced to one year in prison and $100,000 fine. It was the first time in American history that an officer of cabinet rank had been jailed as a criminal. had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After their loss in the 1926 World Series, the New York Yankees stormed back in 1927 to sweep the Pittsburgh Pirates in four games. The 1927 Yankee team was thought by many baseball fans to be the greatest team of all time. They set an American league record of 110 victories and finished 19 games ahead of second-place Philadelphia. Babe Ruth hit 60 home runs, and the YankeesÆ fine young first baseman, Lou Gehrig, batted in 175 runs. Some said the Yankees won this series when they overawed the Pirates during batting practice before the first game at Forbes Field. The YankeesÆ ôMurderersÆ Rowö of Ruth, Gehrig, and Tony Lazzeri drove ball after ball into the distant stands, as the fans roared and the Pirates looked on with awe. merican history that an officer of cabinet rank had been jailed as a criminal. had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Flaming youth was not confined to adolescents during the 1920s, as the country rebounded from World War I by seeking fun and innovation. Thoughtful consideration of individual figure proportions and tastes were left behind; all waistlines pointed downward and all hems upward. For the first time in what was considered ôcivilizedö history, women began exposing their legs. This startled women of the previous generation who, only 15 years before, had worn at least five garments of underclothing. Pirates during batting practice before the first game at Forbes Field. The YankeesÆ ôMurderersÆ Rowö of Ruth, Gehrig, and Tony Lazzeri drove ball after ball into the distant stands, as the fans roared and the Pirates looked on with awe. merican history that an officer of cabinet rank had been jailed as a criminal. had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1926, bold, gaudy fun made the first of its many fashion appearances in the century. Beige stockings replaced the flesh-colored, gray, black or white stockings which had been the previous standards. Costume jewelry instead of the ôreal thingö came into its own. The new fake jewelry was beautifully designed and made of everything from seed and cork to semi-precious stones. Real jewels were reserved for formal occasions only. years before, had worn at least five garments of underclothing. Pirates during batting practice before the first game at Forbes Field. The YankeesÆ ôMurderersÆ Rowö of Ruth, Gehrig, and Tony Lazzeri drove ball after ball into the distant stands, as the fans roared and the Pirates looked on with awe. merican history that an officer of cabinet rank had been jailed as a criminal. had become an American hero. name of the city of Petrograd was changed to Leningrad in honor of Lenin. LeninÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Bremen was the first plane to fly successfully from east to west across the Atlantic Ocean. The plane and its crew of three turned the trick on April 12, 1928. When they landed in Detroit, Michigan, on May 17, 1928, they were finishing up a month-long series of celebrations of their successful flight. They landed at the Ford Airport a day late, in a Junkers F-13, the sister ship of the Bremen. Because of the muddiness of the landing field, they landed their plane with a dead stick and the plane was badly damaged. They were forced to take the train to Boston after their visit. The BremenÆs April transatlantic crossing had been harrowing. Because of poor weather and persistent icing problems, the Bremen was forced to make a crash landing on an ice lake in Labrador. The pilots took refuge in a lighthouse. Pilots from all over America volunteered to retrieve the crew, which reached New York a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Grace Moore (1901-1947), a young Tennesseean lyric soprano, was a well-known figure in musical comedy but gave up that career to study opera under Dr. Mario Marafioti. She sang WhatÆll I Do and All Alone in Irving BerlinÆs Broadway hit Music Box Revue of 1923, and helped make the show a success. Four years later she made her debut at the Metropolitan Opera, on February 7, 1928, then made her debut in Paris nearly eight months later at the Opera-Comique. In 1923, Moore began her Hollywood career in the motion picture New Moon, followed by her award-winning 1936 appearance in Love Me Forever. nÆs April transatlantic crossing had been harrowing. Because of poor weather and persistent icing problems, the Bremen was forced to make a crash landing on an ice lake in Labrador. The pilots took refuge in a lighthouse. Pilots from all over America volunteered to retrieve the crew, which reached New York a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Ending an age of more relaxed charm, the horse-drawn fire engine made its exit in Philadelphia in 1928, as the last of the horses was put out to quiet pasture. Retired at the same time were the old fire engines, which were replaced by high speed, gas-driven Goliaths of the machine age. One remnant of the earlier era remained: the calm Dalmatian sitting beside the hook-and- ladder truck driver. t in Paris nearly eight months later at the Opera-Comique. In 1923, Moore began her Hollywood career in the motion picture New Moon, followed by her award-winning 1936 appearance in Love Me Forever. nÆs April transatlantic crossing had been harrowing. Because of poor weather and persistent icing problems, the Bremen was forced to make a crash landing on an ice lake in Labrador. The pilots took refuge in a lighthouse. Pilots from all over America volunteered to retrieve the crew, which reached New York a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the New York State Democratic governor-elect, received the news of his election on November 6, 1928, while at his Warm Springs, Georgia home. The Warm Springs Georgia Foundation was established by F.D.R. in 1927 to help those afflicted with infantile paralysis, after his own illness in 1921 left both his legs paralyzed. After his polio attack and great personal struggle, Roosevelt reentered politics when he presented Alfred E. SmithÆs name for presidential nomination at the 1924 and 1928 Democratic conventions. her award-winning 1936 appearance in Love Me Forever. nÆs April transatlantic crossing had been harrowing. Because of poor weather and persistent icing problems, the Bremen was forced to make a crash landing on an ice lake in Labrador. The pilots took refuge in a lighthouse. Pilots from all over America volunteered to retrieve the crew, which reached New York a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Jackie Coogan became a famous star at the age of six after his appearance with Charlie Chaplin in The Kid. He continued on to even greater fame and fortune after appearance in Oliver Twist and many other movies. At the age of 14, Jackie was a popular idol and all his activities were considered newsworthy - including his first pair of long pants. Because young boys of the 1920s wore knickers, CooganÆs new long pants represented his entry into adulthood. CooganÆs rakish cap had already become a national symbol. 8 Democratic conventions. her award-winning 1936 appearance in Love Me Forever. nÆs April transatlantic crossing had been harrowing. Because of poor weather and persistent icing problems, the Bremen was forced to make a crash landing on an ice lake in Labrador. The pilots took refuge in a lighthouse. Pilots from all over America volunteered to retrieve the crew, which reached New York a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In an attempt to restore to Italy the glory of Imperial Rome, Benito Mussolini felt it necessary to build a strong war machine that could execute his planned conquests. However, some historians believe that he himself had doubts about whether Italian men could be made into a strong army. MussoliniÆs troops conquered Ethiopia (1935-36) with relative ease, and aided Francisco Franco, along with Germany, in conquering Loyalist Spain in the 1930s. But those were MussoliniÆs last successes. When fighting on the side of Germany in World War II, Italian troops were considered ineffective by both their allies and their enemies. ng had been harrowing. Because of poor weather and persistent icing problems, the Bremen was forced to make a crash landing on an ice lake in Labrador. The pilots took refuge in a lighthouse. Pilots from all over America volunteered to retrieve the crew, which reached New York a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After successfully defending the heavyweight title against Tommy Heeney, Gene Tunney announced his retirement from the ring on July 30, 1928. In his formal announcement of retirement, Tunney said, ôThe time has come when professional boxing can offer me nothing further that I desire. I am putting it behind me, grateful for benefits conferred, but with the feeling that I am still young enough to make a start in other fields.ö Tunney had reached the peak of his career. He was 30 years old, in perfect health and without the average fighterÆs trademarks: cauliflower ears and bashed and scarred eyes. He had boxed for nine years and was champ since September 23, 1926, with estimated career earnings of about two million dollars. Tunney was the second man to retire as undefeated worldÆs heavyweight champion; Jim Jeffries retired undefeated in 1905. Rocky Marciano became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The main feature of class day exercises at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York on June 11, 1928, was the traditional daisy-chain procession in the open-air theater. The huge chain of flowers was carried by 24 hand-picked women from the sophomore class. The tradition dated from the 1880s, when members of the sophomore class began to decorate the chapel for commencement with daisies picked from a nearby field. Later on, the decorations took the form of a rope of daisies to mark the seats reserved for graduates. ut the average fighterÆs trademarks: cauliflower ears and bashed and scarred eyes. He had boxed for nine years and was champ since September 23, 1926, with estimated career earnings of about two million dollars. Tunney was the second man to retire as undefeated worldÆs heavyweight champion; Jim Jeffries retired undefeated in 1905. Rocky Marciano became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Spirit of St. Louis, the plane in which Charles A. Lindbergh made his historic flight (May 20-21, 1927), was donated to the Smithsonian Institution on May 20, 1928. 27-year-old Donald Hull had designed the Ryan monoplane, which was built at San Diego, California in 60 days. Stopping in St. Louis during a record-breaking flight (21 hours, 20 minutes) between San Diego and Long Island, Lindbergh christened his plane the Spirit of St. Louis. The airplane, equipped with a 200-horsepower Wright whirlwind engine, was eventually hung in the SmithsonianÆs Air and Space Museum. ashed and scarred eyes. He had boxed for nine years and was champ since September 23, 1926, with estimated career earnings of about two million dollars. Tunney was the second man to retire as undefeated worldÆs heavyweight champion; Jim Jeffries retired undefeated in 1905. Rocky Marciano became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Frank Billings Kellogg (1856-1937) was Secretary of State during President Calvin CoolidgeÆs administration. Kellogg became famous for his work in framing the Kellogg-Briand Peace Treaty of 1928, for which he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1929. The treaty was an attempt to solve differences among nations by peaceful means, and condemned war as a method of settling problems. Led by France and the United States, 15 countries signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact in Paris on August 27, 1928. It was later ratified by 49 nations. The signers maintained the right to defend themselves against aggression and the right to use arms, if necessary, implementing the provisions of the League of Nations Charter. about two million dollars. Tunney was the second man to retire as undefeated worldÆs heavyweight champion; Jim Jeffries retired undefeated in 1905. Rocky Marciano became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Herbert Hoover, a California engineer, was chosen to run for the presidency at the 19th Republican National Convention at Kansas City, Missouri in June, 1928. He was nominated on the first ballot along with his running mate Charles Curtis, a Kansas lawyer. Hoover was known as a humanitarian who organized Belgian relief during World War I and gave assistance to Mississippi Valley flood victims in 1927. His long years of residence abroad, and endorsement by the League of Nations in 1919, made Hoover suspect to American isolationists. However, the Republicans chose the so-called ôGreat Engineerö to attempt to organize prosperity on a permanent basis. he provisions of the League of Nations Charter. about two million dollars. Tunney was the second man to retire as undefeated worldÆs heavyweight champion; Jim Jeffries retired undefeated in 1905. Rocky Marciano became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 1928 Democratic National Convention met in Houston, Texas, from June 26-29. On the first ballot, New York Governor Alfred E. Smith was nominated for the Presidency. Franklin Roosevelt placed Smith in nomination with these words: ôI come for the third time to urge upon a convention of my party the nomination of the Governor of the State of New York. The faith which I held I still hold. It has been justified in the achievements. The whole country now has learned the measure of his greatness... America needs not only an administrator but a leader - a pathfinder, a blazer of the trail... To stand upon the ramparts and die for our principles is heroic. To sally forth to battle and win for our principles is something more than heroic. We offer one who not only deserves success but commands it. Victory is his habit - the happy warrior, Alfred E. Smith.ö no became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in a speech at the 1928 Democratic convention in Houston, had said: ôWe offer one who has the will to win...Victory is his habit - the happy warrior - Alfred E. Smith.ö A four-time governor of New York, Smith provoked a powerful emotional response from friend and foe alike. In a campaign that dredged up deep-seated prejudices, Al Smith was handicapped on many counts. He was a Catholic from New York, feared and distrusted by hysterical elements in the Protestant South and Midwest. He was friend of the new immigrant. He was ôwet,ö or anti-prohibition, and so was frowned upon by the straight-laced Temperance crusaders. One national committeewoman summed up anti-Smith sentiment when she said: ôWe must save the United States from being Romanized and rum-ridden.ö ds it. Victory is his habit - the happy warrior, Alfred E. Smith.ö no became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Presidential candidate Herbert Hoover - called by Republicans the ôFriend of Helpless Childrenö for his charitable works - campaigned on a platform that stressed the admirable qualities of the Grand Old Party. The Republicans claimed full credit for the ongoing economic good times and pledged themselves to perpetuating prosperity. Hoover told the country, ôThe poorhouse is vanishing from among us. Given a chance to go forward with the policies of the last 8 years, we shall soon, with the help of God, be in sight of the day when poverty shall be banished from this nation.ö Stressing rugged individualism, he attacked the Democratic platform as socialistic, and maintained that only the Republican Party could safeguard the system of free enterprise. tes from being Romanized and rum-ridden.ö ds it. Victory is his habit - the happy warrior, Alfred E. Smith.ö no became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The winner of the 54th Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs was the favorite, Reigh Count, ridden by Chic Lang. Reigh Count ran the damp track in 2:10 1/5, winning a purse of $55,375 for his owner, Mrs. John D. Hertz. Lang took Reigh Count out quickly in the early running, racing into a forward position in the first half mile. Lang forced the pace and under strong riding in the stretch, Reigh Count took the lead and drew away to win with speed to spare. ast 8 years, we shall soon, with the help of God, be in sight of the day when poverty shall be banished from this nation.ö Stressing rugged individualism, he attacked the Democratic platform as socialistic, and maintained that only the Republican Party could safeguard the system of free enterprise. tes from being Romanized and rum-ridden.ö ds it. Victory is his habit - the happy warrior, Alfred E. Smith.ö no became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After six straight years of losses to Michigan, Ohio State University ended a jinx by beating Michigan 19-7. A crowd of 75,000 saw the 1928 game at Columbus, Ohio. OhioÆs Buckeyes outplayed the Wolverines throughout the game, making 13 first downs to just one for Michigan. The powerful Ohio State line left Michigan helpless. The Wolverine linemen played a hard game, charging with energy and speed, but the passing attack of Ohio was too much of a puzzle for the men from Ann Arbor. h the help of God, be in sight of the day when poverty shall be banished from this nation.ö Stressing rugged individualism, he attacked the Democratic platform as socialistic, and maintained that only the Republican Party could safeguard the system of free enterprise. tes from being Romanized and rum-ridden.ö ds it. Victory is his habit - the happy warrior, Alfred E. Smith.ö no became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1928, enthusiastic ôsun worshipö took the fashion world by storm. Seemingly everyone began to experiment with sunbathing, oils, and dark powders in order to appear the desired ôtoastö color, instead of fragile pink and white. With the push toward a healthy glow under way, diets to slim the figure also became a fetish. Accordion-pleated skirts, pleated from the waist to ankle and usually held with elastic at the waist, became very fashionable, even though they had to be pressed after each wearing to regain their original shape. Skirts grew longer (after several years of rising), with side drapings falling almost to the floor. Wrap-around coats with shawl collars were also popular in 1928. Party could safeguard the system of free enterprise. tes from being Romanized and rum-ridden.ö ds it. Victory is his habit - the happy warrior, Alfred E. Smith.ö no became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After Chief Justice William Howard Taft administered the oath of office on March 4, 1929, new President Herbert Hoover spoke for 29 minutes while a slight rainfall developed into a roaring downpour. The President wore neither a hat nor an overcoat to protect him from the chill, damp air. His words were enthusiastically received by the crowd, which stood huddled beneath umbrellas and newspapers. His address was broadcast over 120 American radio stations and was transmitted by shortwave to many countries abroad. Mr. Hoover asked the nation to uphold Prohibition, expressed his confidence in the World Court, and reminded the country that it was in the midst of unprecedented prosperity. ôWe in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of our land,ö he said. y is his habit - the happy warrior, Alfred E. Smith.ö no became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Anne Morrow was quiet, interested in modern art and literary movements, and like Charles Lindbergh, extremely shy. The two shared a love of flying; Morrow flew frequently with Lindbergh on nonofficial flights, and later chalked up 40,000 miles of flying over 5 continents as copilot and radio operator to Lindbergh. Their surprise wedding was held at the home of MorrowÆs parents in Englewood, N.J. on May 27, 1929. Both were unattended, and only 20 close family members were present. The new couple left the home following the ceremony and successfully eluded dozens of newsmen and photographers surrounding the house. nded the country that it was in the midst of unprecedented prosperity. ôWe in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of our land,ö he said. y is his habit - the happy warrior, Alfred E. Smith.ö no became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After the tragic death of his wife (estranged from Babe Ruth for many years), George Herman Ruth married Mrs. Claire Hodgson, a young widow, in New York City. 100 early-morning worshippers witnessed the ceremony at 5:45 a.m. on April 12, 1929. Relatives of the couple, but none of RuthÆs Yankee teammates, joined the wedding party. A handful of small boys were at the church when the couple arrived and there were 200 more to greet them when they left. Babe promised autographed baseballs to two altar boys who had attended the wedding mass. The couple signed the church registry, posed for photographers, and left for a wedding breakfast at the apartment of RuthÆs mother. ed prosperity. ôWe in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of our land,ö he said. y is his habit - the happy warrior, Alfred E. Smith.ö no became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On February 11, 1929, the Italian government and Pope Pius XI signed the Lateran Treaty, in which the Italian government recognized the establishment of the independent state of the Vatican City, with the Pope as its recognized sovereign. From 756 to 1870, the territory in the center of Italy had been controlled by the pope, but gradually it was reduced to a few remaining Papal States by 1870. The region was then protected by the troops of Napoleon III. But when the French ruler fell from power and his troops withdrew, the Italian troops of Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy, seized the Papal States and made Rome the capital in 1871. Vatican City was all that remained from the former Papal States. At 108 acres, about the size of a city park, and with a population of about 1,000, the new Vatican City State became the smallest independent state in the world. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On June 8, 1929, Pope Pius XI held a conference with Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937), ItalyÆs ôFather of the Wireless,ö regarding the construction of a radio station for the Vatican. Marconi was called upon to design a station for the Holy City as a new link with the outside world. The station was supervised by Marconi until his death. On February 11, 1931, Pius XI was heard in the first worldwide broadcast from the Vatican. He told his radio audience that ôthe voice of the Supreme Pastor may now be heard throughout the world, by means of the ether waves, for the glory of Christ and the salvation of souls.ö Rome the capital in 1871. Vatican City was all that remained from the former Papal States. At 108 acres, about the size of a city park, and with a population of about 1,000, the new Vatican City State became the smallest independent state in the world. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In October of 1929, President Herbert Hoover took time out from national affairs to visit with three outstanding personalities of the 1920s: Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, and Madame Marie Curie. On October 29, a celebration accompanied the opening of the new historical ôHenry Ford Villageö in Michigan. Ford dedicated the museum to the great scientist Thomas Edison on the Golden Jubilee of his invention of the electric light in 1879. During the festivities Edison reenacted the original experiment through which he discovered the incandescent lamp; and Hoover spoke in great praise of both Edison and Ford. Two days later, President Hoover honored Madame Marie Curie, the renowned woman scientist, in a ceremony at the White House. Madame Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Havana Conference on January 16, 1928, revealed the anger many Latin American countries held toward the United States because of American influence in the affairs of Nicaragua in 1927. In the interest of hemispheric goodwill, President-elect Herbert Hoover, together with his wife Lou, visited 11 South American countries shortly after his election to the presidency. Throughout the tour, the presidential couple was received with great cordiality. Mr. Hoover even settled a boundary dispute between Chile and Peru. The trip seemed to accomplish its purpose of lessening tensions between the U.S. and Latin America. , President Hoover honored Madame Marie Curie, the renowned woman scientist, in a ceremony at the White House. Madame Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The George Washington Bridge was opened to traffic on October 24, 1931. The third longest suspension bridge in the world, it spanned the Hudson River between Fort Lee, New Jersey, and West 178th Street in Manhattan. One of the bridgeÆs most unusual features was that it was originally designed to grow with the increase of auto traffic; a second deck was, in fact, added in 1963. The George Washington Bridge is 4,760 feet long between anchorages and has a river span of 3,500 feet. There are 105,000 miles of wire in the cables of the bridge, enough to go around the earth four times. The cost of the first single level was $76 million. The estimated cost of the 1963 expansion was $183 million. n a ceremony at the White House. Madame Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Vesuvius, the only active volcano on the European mainland, is located in Italy near the east shore of the Bay of Naples. Mt. Vesuvius last erupted on June 4, 1929, and sent a stream of boiling lava in the direction of Pompeii, the city which the volcano had completely destroyed 1,850 years earlier. Thousands of peasants were evacuated from their villages on the slopes of the mountain. Special trains were sent into Naples to care for the refugees. Many peasants had to be forcibly evacuated from their homes when they refused to leave. Three villages and millions of dollars of crops were engulfed by the lava. evel was $76 million. The estimated cost of the 1963 expansion was $183 million. n a ceremony at the White House. Madame Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. 1929 was a good year for the Harvard Crimson in its annual football battle with Yale. The Harvard team used its lateral pass very effectively in the second period to move across the goal line and score the points needed to win the game. The final total was Harvard 6, Yale 3. The game, the 48th annual contest between the ancient rivals, was played before 59,000 enthusiasts huddled in furs and blankets against the cold weather. re for the refugees. Many peasants had to be forcibly evacuated from their homes when they refused to leave. Three villages and millions of dollars of crops were engulfed by the lava. evel was $76 million. The estimated cost of the 1963 expansion was $183 million. n a ceremony at the White House. Madame Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Clyde Van Dusen, a chestnut gelding ridden by Linus ôPonyö McAtee, took the lead in the first quarter-mile, set the pace, and then held his opponents at bay to win the 55th Kentucky Derby in 1929. Naishapur was slow to start, racing wide, but finished second with a rush after being blocked in the stretch. Clyde Van Dusen, owned by H.P. Gardner and sired by the legendary Man OÆWar, won a purse of $53,950. nst the cold weather. re for the refugees. Many peasants had to be forcibly evacuated from their homes when they refused to leave. Three villages and millions of dollars of crops were engulfed by the lava. evel was $76 million. The estimated cost of the 1963 expansion was $183 million. n a ceremony at the White House. Madame Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The economic boom of the Roaring Twenties was just a few months from its doom, but there was no sign of it at the 1929 Indianapolis Speedway 500 race. Owners and sponsors spent thousands of dollars to prepare their Millers and Duesenbergs for the event. Lou Meyer dominated the race until the 157th lap, when his pit stop opened the way for Ray Keech. The year 1929 marked the end of an expensive era in Indianapolis racing. The stock market crash and the Depression that followed left the American Automobile Association no other choice but to convert to a more economical stock-car-based formula. ed by the lava. evel was $76 million. The estimated cost of the 1963 expansion was $183 million. n a ceremony at the White House. Madame Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Two strong teams met in the 1929 series - the Chicago Cubs had won the National League by 10 1/2 games, and the Philadelphia Athletics had won the American by an 18-game spread. The World Series turned out to be a bitter experience for the Cubs. The big surprise was when Athletics manager Connie Mack used Howard Ehmke as his starting pitcher in the first game. Ehmke had pitched only 55 innings during the regular season, but he got the AÆs off to a fine start by striking out a then-World Series record 13 batters to win game one. In the fifth and final game, the Cubs appeared to have things wrapped up with a 2-0 lead in the ninth inning. Then the AÆs scored three times in the bottom of the ninth to win the game and the World Series. Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street was the financial heart of the United States in 1929. Business expansion was booming, riding an eight-year rush of prosperity and rising stock prices. On October 24, 1929 - Black Thursday - the market suddenly lost its nerve and brokers were swamped with almost 3 million shares of stock for sale. Trading panic rocked Wall Street as everyone tried to cut losses. Five days later, on October 29, the market collapsed completely and the economic life of the country was stifled in gloom. The Depression had begun. Columnist Will Rogers later said that when ôWall Street took that tailspin, you had to stand in line to get a window to jump out of.ö he ninth to win the game and the World Series. Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Throughout the 1920s, some women began to earn their own way in jobs which had formerly been reserved for men. One sure sign: New York State began to hire policewomen, although primarily to direct traffic. Tennis star Helen Wills took sport by storm. Fashion became more daring than ever. Some women not only exposed their legs, but stopped wearing stockings. Short skirts and ôflapperö outfits became symbols of the free-wheeling age of Coolidge prosperity, as a few women flaunted their new feelings of independence. gloom. The Depression had begun. Columnist Will Rogers later said that when ôWall Street took that tailspin, you had to stand in line to get a window to jump out of.ö he ninth to win the game and the World Series. Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1929, reminders of earlier feminine fashions appeared. Curls began to reappear, knee-length skirts were dropping, a return of the waistline was suggested. Hats revealed a fraction of the forehead, and the wearer was permitted an unobstructed view of the world. LadiesÆ trousers in tweed or linen were tailored with the same care given to menÆs suits. It was no longer considered outrageous or immoral to see a woman wearing slacks. Many people thought slacks more decent than knee-length dresses, which often revealed far more. e Depression had begun. Columnist Will Rogers later said that when ôWall Street took that tailspin, you had to stand in line to get a window to jump out of.ö he ninth to win the game and the World Series. Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Before 1,000 guests at a London dinner honoring Albert Einstein on October 28, 1930, George Bernard Shaw placed Einstein on a pedestal with the greatest thinkers in history. Einstein had not come to London for praise; he came from Berlin to help launch the British drive on behalf of the needy Jewish families of Eastern Europe. In a speech which he delivered in German, Einstein disavowed all of ShawÆs eulogies as directed not at him but at some ômythical namesake.ö He ignored science in his speech; he appealed for aid for the Jews of Poland, Lithuania, and Russia. ll Rogers later said that when ôWall Street took that tailspin, you had to stand in line to get a window to jump out of.ö he ninth to win the game and the World Series. Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The biggest crowd in years packed Fifth Avenue in New York City for 1930Æs Easter Parade. After a week of rain and fog, Easter dawned as a beautiful day, and the holiday was celebrated with church services, fashion parades, solemnity, and gaiety. The freakish attire of some past years seemed to be missing completely, and there were few celebrities in view. Spectators jammed the steps of the cathedrals to watch the parade, while others crowded atop double-decker Fifth Avenue buses. In Atlantic City, more than 300,000 people jammed the boardwalk. ia, and Russia. ll Rogers later said that when ôWall Street took that tailspin, you had to stand in line to get a window to jump out of.ö he ninth to win the game and the World Series. Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The National Prohibition Enforcement Act (or ôVolstead Actö) was passed in 1919, creating the enforcement apparatus for the liquor-banning 18th Amendment. The Act defined intoxicating liquor as any beverage containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent alcohol and placed the administration of the law under the Bureau of Internal Revenue. A supplementary Act introduced by Congressman Andrew Volstead went into effect November 23rd, allowing the use of liquor for medical prescriptions. Medicinal uses proved surprisingly popular; so popular that, in 1930, the U.S. Government distillery in Baltimore, Maryland undertook the manufacture of whiskies for medicinal use. get a window to jump out of.ö he ninth to win the game and the World Series. Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre, discovered polonium and radium, and experimented extensively with radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In August 1898, while America was still elated over the feats of its seamen and the evidence of its naval power in the war with Spain, the Royal Ulster Yacht Club of Belfast, Ireland notified the New York Yacht Club of a challenge in the name of Sir Thomas LiptonÆs Shamrock. It was the first of a notable series in which no money was spared by either side as America defended yachtingÆs coveted AmericaÆs Cup. To meet the Shamrock in October 1899, a New York syndicate headed by J.P. Morgan and H.C. Oliver Iselin commissioned the construction of a new defender. The result was the Columbia, which defeated the Shamrock I and her successor two years later, Shamrock II. LiptonÆs final challenge for the cup came in 1930, when his Shamrock V lost to a new Columbia. Lipton was beloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Frederick Pabst, Jr. son of the original brewery founder, was Chairman of the Pabst Brewing Company in St. Louis, Missouri. The company claimed to be the largest lager beer brewery in the world; so it was not surprising that its owner was a strong supporter of the repeal of Prohibition. In a 1930 speech, Pabst argued that the return of beer would bring social, economic, and agricultural improvements to the United States. People would no longer need to conceal their drinking and could once again enjoy a beer with the company of friends. Government taxes on beer would aid the suffering economy, he said, and the demand for cereal grains used to make beer would improve agricultural conditions. Pabst proposed first legalizing beer, then following later with hard liquor. eloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) spoke to an international audience on June 18, 1930. To dramatize the advances in two-way international communication, the ôWizard of Menlo Parkö was persuaded to speak from his laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey: His words were carried by a telephone-shortwave hookup to audiences in San Francisco, California; London, England; and Berlin, Germany. The 83-year-old genius said that he was glad to have had a part in the origin and development of electrical power, motion pictures, and radio and telephone transmission, among many others. aid the suffering economy, he said, and the demand for cereal grains used to make beer would improve agricultural conditions. Pabst proposed first legalizing beer, then following later with hard liquor. eloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Richard Evelyn Byrd (1888-1957) was an American aviator and explorer who participated in a number of notable polar and transatlantic flights. He became the first man to fly over both the North Pole (May 9, 1926) and South Pole (November 29, 1929). He led five survey expeditions to Antarctica (1928-30, 1933-35, 1939-40, 1946-47, 1955). Upon his return from his first flight over the North Pole with Floyd Bennett, Byrd was promoted to commander and received the Congressional Medal of Honor and the Distinguished Service Medal. Three years later, Byrd flew over the South Pole. After the success of that journey, Byrd was greeted with a parade in New York City in June of 1930. ltural conditions. Pabst proposed first legalizing beer, then following later with hard liquor. eloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Graf Zeppelin was built in Germany and named after its designer, German-born Ferdinand von Zeppelin. Eight hundred feet long and 100 feet in diameter, the zeppelin could travel over 70 miles an hour. Its luxurious passenger cabin accommodated 50 passengers plus their baggage. The zeppelinÆs first commercial transatlantic flight was completed October 15, 1928 at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Lakehurst, N.J. The 6,630-mile trip took the German dirigible 121 hours to complete. The next year, commanded by Captain Hugo Eckener, the Graf Zeppelin flew around the world in 29 days and 8 hours, making it the first airship to circle the globe. New York City in June of 1930. ltural conditions. Pabst proposed first legalizing beer, then following later with hard liquor. eloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1911, when he was nine years old, Bobby Jones won his first golf title: the junior championship of Atlanta, Georgia. In 1916, at the age of 14, he won four championships including the Georgia state title. In the same year, he made his first appearance in the United States Amateur tournament. In 1930, Jones climaxed a magnificent career by becoming the only man, before or since, to capture the ôGrand Slamö of golf. In the same year he won the U.S. Amateur, the U.S. Open, the British Amateur and the British Open tournaments. the Graf Zeppelin flew around the world in 29 days and 8 hours, making it the first airship to circle the globe. New York City in June of 1930. ltural conditions. Pabst proposed first legalizing beer, then following later with hard liquor. eloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After the series between the Philadelphia Athletics and the St. Louis Cardinals was tied 2 games to 2, some fire pitching by Lefty Grove and George Earnshaw moved Connie MackÆs team to a 4-2 series victory over the Cardinals. Two games earlier, bringing the Cardinals back from a 2-0 deficit, Wild Bill Hallahan pitched a seven-hit shutout and Jess Haines threw a four-hit one-run effort. But even after Hallahan and Haines displayed their strong pitching abilities, it was the Athletics all the way. The fine pitching was reflected in the batting averages for the Series: the losing Cardinals hit .200, and the Athletics just 197. cle the globe. New York City in June of 1930. ltural conditions. Pabst proposed first legalizing beer, then following later with hard liquor. eloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Jockey Earl Sande rode his third Kentucky Derby winner, Gallant Fox, in the 56th running of the famous race at Churchill Downs on May 17, 1930. Gallant Fox was in extremely close quarters for the first three-eights, then he raced into the lead on the outside after hitting the back stretch. Jockey Sande held Gallant Fox under restraint for the balance of the race, crossing the finish line with energy to spare. Gallant Fox, a bay colt sired by Sir Gallahad III, went on to win the 1930 Triple Crown (Kentucky Derby, Preakness, Belmont Stakes). averages for the Series: the losing Cardinals hit .200, and the Athletics just 197. cle the globe. New York City in June of 1930. ltural conditions. Pabst proposed first legalizing beer, then following later with hard liquor. eloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In a steady drizzle at New YorkÆs Belmont Park, before 40,000 eager bettors, thoroughbred Gallant Fox completed the 1930 Triple Crown by winning the Belmont Stakes. He ran the mile and one-half circuit in 2:31.6, a record for the race since it was increased to that length in 1926. Gallant Fox also won the prestigious Wood Memorial the same year. The Belmont win was worth $66,040, bringing the career earnings of the three-year-old son of Sir Galahad III to a total of $198,730. 1930 Triple Crown (Kentucky Derby, Preakness, Belmont Stakes). averages for the Series: the losing Cardinals hit .200, and the Athletics just 197. cle the globe. New York City in June of 1930. ltural conditions. Pabst proposed first legalizing beer, then following later with hard liquor. eloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After the wild experimental years of the late 1920s, the clothing of the early 1930s became more artistic in line and silhouette than any since the early 1890s. The Depression seemed to stimulate a creative urge to produce lines which were fluent and easy and lent grace and rhythm to the feminine figure. Dress materials were cheap - many could be purchased for less than half their pre-depression prices. Sewing at home, for the sake of economy, came back into practice, and ready-made garments also dropped in price. Frequently resembling the better-made street dresses, new housedresses were designed with ingenuity and charm and sold for one dollar. k City in June of 1930. ltural conditions. Pabst proposed first legalizing beer, then following later with hard liquor. eloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Depression which spread over the world in 1929 gave Adolf Hitler the political opportunity he needed to increase his small National Socialist Party. German industry could not keep its plants in operation, and the young men of Germany were unemployed, hungry, and desperate. Hitler promised to make Germany strong again. He said he would stop Jews from ôstealing businesses which rightfully belong to pure-blooded Germans,ö and he assured every German of a job and food. Such promises were a magnet for the hard-pressed, hopeless, hungry young men on relief. HitlerÆs National Socialist Party grew from 27,000 in 1925 to over 300,000 in 1930. dollar. k City in June of 1930. ltural conditions. Pabst proposed first legalizing beer, then following later with hard liquor. eloved by yachting fans as a graceful loser and exceptional sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. William Tatem ôBig Billö Tilden, Jr. (1893-1953) began playing tennis in his childhood. He won his first U. S. Singles Championship in 1920, and that same year became the first American to win the menÆs singles at EnglandÆs Wimbledon. TildenÆs success in the national menÆs singles amateur championship continued until 1925. Tilden won two more Wimbledon championships in 1921 and 1930, and played on the U.S. Davis Cup team from 1920 to 1930, steering his team to victory in seven consecutive years (1920-1926). In 1931, Tilden turned professional. In his debut, he defeated Karel Kozeluhof of Czechoslovakia and American Vinnie Richards to win the 1931 pro singles championship. Tilden was named the greatest tennis player of the first half of the 20th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Upon completion of the Empire State Building in 1931, a 200-foot mast was added to the original plans in the hope that it could be used as a mooring mast for blimps. At the time, dirigibles were thought to be an important transportation source for the future, and the new mast brought the building to a height of 1,250 feet. Despite warnings that dirigibles couldnÆt possibly land atop the building, one attempt was made in 1931. It turned out to be a rather disastrous affair. An updraft almost upended the blimp and nearly swept away the celebrities, including ex-Governor Alfred E. Smith, in attendance. The blimp dumped some of its water ballast, leaving pedestrians several blocks away drenched and perplexed by the downpour from a cloudless sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Knute Rockne emigrated from Norway to Chicago with his family in 1893. He attended and played football for the University of Notre Dame from 1910-1914. As captain in 1913, Rockne led Notre Dame to many victories. After graduation, Rockne became assistant football coach of the team, and from 1918 until his death in 1931, he was head coach of the ôFighting Irish.ö Under RockneÆs leadership, Notre Dame had an outstanding record of 105 wins, 12 defeats, and 5 ties. Rockne became well-known for his rallying speeches to his players, including, ôWin one for the Gipper.ö RockneÆs tactics changed football from a game of brute force to a sport that required speed, agility, and deception. drenched and perplexed by the downpour from a cloudless sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Major James H. Doolittle flew across the United States on September 4, 1931 in 11 hours, 16 minutes, and 10 seconds. His flight clipped one hour, 8 minutes, and 53 seconds from the previous record of Capt. Frank Hawks, and gave Doolittle victory in the 1931 National Air Races. It was both DoolittleÆs transcontinental debut and that of his secretly built Laird biplane. Doolittle and the Laird averaged just under four miles a minute crossing from California to Newark, New Jersey with three pit stops. llying speeches to his players, including, ôWin one for the Gipper.ö RockneÆs tactics changed football from a game of brute force to a sport that required speed, agility, and deception. drenched and perplexed by the downpour from a cloudless sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 6, 1931, popular orchestra leader and saxophonist Rudy Vallee was secretly married to actress Fay Webb, daughter of the Santa Monica, California Chief of Police. The wedding was revealed four days later in a live radio interview on the National Broadcasting Company network. The new Mrs. Vallee said she planned to give up films to devote herself to the marriage. Mr. Vallee reported on the air that his new wife was a good cook and could also sew. As for his plans, he said that the marriage was also a turning point in his career, and that he would give up crooning to become a Radio City executive. m a game of brute force to a sport that required speed, agility, and deception. drenched and perplexed by the downpour from a cloudless sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Television in 1931 was still in the experimental stage. The new wonder was called many things: radio-vision, radio-talkies, visual broadcasting, and television-talking-moving pictures. Exhibitors of early television sets at the Chicago Trade Show predicted that it would appear in the home within a year; scoffers doubted that there would ever be more than one million sets in the entire country. The 1931 Radio-Electric WorldÆs Fair at Madison Square Garden, in New York City, demonstrated the new medium to 28,000 people a day who gazed at the projected images of such artists as Eddie Cantor and Rudy Vallee. a game of brute force to a sport that required speed, agility, and deception. drenched and perplexed by the downpour from a cloudless sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Babe Ruth, national baseball hero, made many philanthropic visits to hospitals during his career. Usually he would appear as himself, although at Christmas he sometimes took advantage of his natural build by playing Santa Claus. He also contributed his time to sponsoring Little League Baseball teams, and to other activities for youngsters. In 1947, Ruth established and endorsed the Babe Ruth Foundation for underprivileged children. t Madison Square Garden, in New York City, demonstrated the new medium to 28,000 people a day who gazed at the projected images of such artists as Eddie Cantor and Rudy Vallee. a game of brute force to a sport that required speed, agility, and deception. drenched and perplexed by the downpour from a cloudless sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Mary Louise ôTexasö Guinan began acting at a young age, crossing the country with theater groups and rodeos, and she eventually appeared in more than 200 silent films. But Guinan was best known as a nightclub hostess after bootlegger Larry Fay hired her in 1924 to work in his El Fay Club. Nicknamed ôTexasö because she was born in Waco, Guinan managed to produce a comfortable atmosphere for nightclubbers during the Prohibition era. Sitting on a stool in the center of the club, Guinan always greeted her customers with a booming ôHello, sucker!ö Her term for the big spender from out of town, ôthe big butter-and-egg man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On January 13, 1931, Maurice Chevalier, the music idol of France, arrived in the United States on the liner Paris. He had just finished a tour of the British Isles, where his songs were considered overly daring and his performances were interrupted by local censors. Back in America, Chevalier was his old vivacious and sparkling personality, happy to please and eager to begin his new film, The Smiling Lieutenant. Prohibition era. Sitting on a stool in the center of the club, Guinan always greeted her customers with a booming ôHello, sucker!ö Her term for the big spender from out of town, ôthe big butter-and-egg man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1931, the indefatigable Sophie Tucker returned to America after a successful European tour. On shipboard, she displayed the latest in fashions for appreciative newsmen, undaunted by an earlier run-in with British customs officials on a charge of trying to smuggle three silk dresses into England from Paris. Big, zestful and flamboyant, Tucker was one of the eraÆs most popular entertainers, belting out songs for 60 years until just before her death in 1966. Though risque, her material always contained an element of self-kidding, and audiences never seemed to believe that she was anything but pure show business. man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The most severe economic depression in American history hit the country after the stock market crash of 1929. After the initial losses of fortunes came gradual factory closings and spiralling unemployment. By 1933, unemployment figures hit the high figure of 24.9 percent of the American labor force, or about 13 1/2 million unemployed people. Assistance by local government agencies was necessary in order for families to survive. Many people, especially young boys, took to the roads, until the problem of homeless boys necessitated action by the government agencies of the Franklin Roosevelt administration. ness. man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Even the losing Philadelphia Athletics had to marvel at the wonderful antics of St. Louis hero John ôPepperö Martin in the 1931 World Series. Martin was the hero behind the CardinalsÆ stirring seven-game victory over the heavily favored Athletics of legendary manager Connie Mack. Martin dominated the series, stealing five bases and slugging 12 hits in 24 at-bats for a .500 average, including four doubles and a home run. Martin batted in five runs and scored five more himself. It was an amazing performance, which Martin topped off by catching a fly ball for the final out in the deciding seventh game. n. ness. man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1931, for the first time in seven years, the sun was shining on Derby Day in Louisville, Kentucky. Twenty Grand, ridden by Charles Kurtsinger, took advantage of the fast track to win the 57th Kentucky Derby in 2:01.8. After a slow start, Twenty Grand moved up strongly on the outside, wearing down the leader Sweep All, and suddenly drawing away to win comfortably down the stretch. Sweep All held on for second place. The net purse was $48,725. and scored five more himself. It was an amazing performance, which Martin topped off by catching a fly ball for the final out in the deciding seventh game. n. ness. man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In a spring-like setting at New YorkÆs Yankee Stadium, the Cadets from West Point overpowered Navy 17-7 in a 1931 charity game played for the benefit of the unemployed. Army led at the half 10-0, and made the margin stand up in the second half. Both Cadet touchdowns were scored by Eddie Herb and were set up by the fine running of Ray Stecker. NavyÆs lone score came on a 55-yard pass play from Lou Kirn to Joe Tschirgi. The brassy notes of ôTapsö from an Army bugle brought the game to a fitting close before the crowd of 75,000. ff by catching a fly ball for the final out in the deciding seventh game. n. ness. man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On November 28, 1931, for the first time since 1927, Army defeated Notre Dame in their annual football game. 78,000 fans sat in on the event on a sloppy fall day at New YorkÆs Yankee Stadium. An electrifying fourth-quarter touchdown by ArmyÆs Ray Stecker clinched the win for the Cadets. Stecker also set up an Army score in the first period with a fine run as he went 33 yards to the Notre Dame 7-yard line. From there, Tom Kilday carried over for an early 6-0 lead. Notre Dame had entered the game a heavy favorite. of 75,000. ff by catching a fly ball for the final out in the deciding seventh game. n. ness. man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. It may not have been the Miss America Pageant, but the Miss Perfect Spine contest of 1931 drew its share of enthusiastic competitors. A panel of chiropractors served as judges, examining each entrant for posture and spinal position. There was no talent competition. The name of Miss Perfect Spine 1931 has, unfortunately, been lost to history. h a fine run as he went 33 yards to the Notre Dame 7-yard line. From there, Tom Kilday carried over for an early 6-0 lead. Notre Dame had entered the game a heavy favorite. of 75,000. ff by catching a fly ball for the final out in the deciding seventh game. n. ness. man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. WomenÆs fashion in the 1930s was decidedly different from what had preceded it. The heavy multiple garments of former days, such as drawers, corset covers, and camisoles, gave way to lightweight knitted silk and rayon undergarments. A new fashion landmark was the ôteddy.ö It combined a womanÆs corset cover with panties and was originally called a ôteddy bear.ö The multi-purpose ôteddy bearö could be worn alone under suits and woolen dresses, or combined with a one-piece underslip for lightweight dresses. favorite. of 75,000. ff by catching a fly ball for the final out in the deciding seventh game. n. ness. man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Fifteen hundred Confederate veterans, a fast-thinning remnant of the Grays, held a three-day reunion in April 1932. There was controversy over their plans to reenact the Confederate secession, since the old North-South sectional difference would be emphasized. The reunion wound up with a Washington, D.C. parade after three days in Virginia, with President Herbert Hoover reviewing the proceedings. It was the first time the Confederate veterans had been reviewed by a Republican President whose forefathers had fought for the Union. by catching a fly ball for the final out in the deciding seventh game. n. ness. man,ö became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Italian Premier Benito Mussolini made a formal visit to Pope Pius XI in Vatican City on February 11, 1932. The occasion was the third anniversary of the signing of the Lateran Treaty, which started an era of peace between the Church and State of Italy after more than 50 years of estrangement. MussoliniÆs visit marked the first time since 1870 that a Pope had met with an Italian premier. Mussolini was received alone by the Pope in his private library. After ôIl Duceö kneeled and kissed the popeÆs ring, the two talked for an hour and five minutes, after which the rest of MussoliniÆs advisors were admitted to the room. became commonly used slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Japanese sought control of Manchuria from early in the century. In 1932, the Japanese army steamrolled Manchuria. When China responded with a boycott of Japanese goods, Japan attacked Shanghai, inflicting thousands of casualties. Japanese attacks extended throughout northern China, and Japan installed Pu-Yi as Emperor of Manchuria. Japan claimed that the fighting in Manchuria, and the slaughter in Shanghai, had not been a war, but the simple rectification of grievances held against China. The Japanese today still refuse to use the words ôaggressionö or ôinvasionö in their textbooks when referring to this period in their history. ed slang. Guinan returned to Broadway with Padlocks of 1927, a revue which she took to Paris in 1931. sky. th century by an overwhelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1932, almost 13 million Americans were unemployed. Jobless veterans sold apples on street corners. The homeless lived in shantytown shacks. The hungry stood in long lines for handouts. Before the New DealÆs federal welfare and work projects were set up, many people depended on private charity for the necessities of life. One philanthropist who made friends and fed the hungry in his own private soup kitchens was the leader of ChicagoÆs crime syndicate, Al ôScarfaceö Capone. His public image was badly in need of a boost inasmuch as the Treasury Department had billed him for $4 million in back taxes. CaponeÆs generosity warmed the needy but left the ôT-menö cold. In 1931 he was indicted, tried, and convicted of tax evasion and sentenced to 11 years in prison. whelming vote in a 1950 poll taken by the Associated Press. al sportsman. radiation. orld. o became the third to do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1924, the Bonus Bill passed over the veto of President Calvin Coolidge, granting World War I veterans a bonus of about $1,000 each, payable in 20 years. In May 1932, many jobless veterans demanded immediate payment instead of waiting out the two decades. Veterans from all over the country marched on Washington and resolved to stay in the capital until they received payment More than 10,000 veterans moved with their families to tarpaper shacks in WashingtonÆs Anacostia Flats. The government offered the veterans money for a return trip home; but when many continued to stay on, President Hoover ordered the U.S. Army to drive the veterans out of Washington. On July 28 Army forces, under command of General Douglas MacArthur, forced the veterans from Washington. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Jimmy Walker, charming darling of the voters, was mayor of New York City from 1926 to 1932. But evidence of corruption in New York City Hall eventually led Governor Franklin Roosevelt to establish a commission of inquiry, headed up by Judge Samuel Seabury. Investigations revealed extensive corruption in city government. Known underworld figures had made loans to city magistrates. Ultimately, a shockingly large part of the cityÆs judicial system was shown to be corrupt. Finally, Roosevelt was forced to confront Walker, who besides being a fellow Democrat was also a powerful ally and very popular with voters. Walker was unable to satisfactorily rebut the investigationÆs charges. Rather than be forced from office, Jimmy Walker resigned on August 28, 1932. on. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 20, 1932, the fifth anniversary of Charles LindberghÆs landmark transatlantic solo flight, Amelia Earhart took off from Newfoundland, bound for Paris. Fourteen hours and 56 minutes later, she made a perfect unscheduled landing in a pasture near Londonderry, Ireland. Earhart had become the first woman to solo the great ocean. Wife of New York publisher George Palmer Putnam, Earhart was an ex-Boston settlement-house worker who had learned to fly in California. Looking remarkably like Lucky Lindy, she had left Newfoundland in a red and gold Lockheed monoplane, with 10 dollars in cash, a toothbrush, and a quart of chicken soup. atisfactorily rebut the investigationÆs charges. Rather than be forced from office, Jimmy Walker resigned on August 28, 1932. on. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After many previous efforts, the city of Los Angeles, California finally won the chance to host a Summer Olympic Games in 1932. The Los Angeles Coliseum was built at a cost of $1,700,000 and was capable of holding 105,000 spectators in its 30 miles of seats. An additional $1,300,000 was spent on appropriate facilities for the athletes competing in this 10th Olympiad. The opening of the games drew a capacity crowd, including many Hollywood stars. Despite concerns about how the California heat might affect athletes, 58 nations sent representatives to the 10th Olympiad. 10 dollars in cash, a toothbrush, and a quart of chicken soup. atisfactorily rebut the investigationÆs charges. Rather than be forced from office, Jimmy Walker resigned on August 28, 1932. on. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Will Rogers, active in the 1932 Democratic Convention and campaign for Franklin Delano Roosevelt, pleased the gathered crowd with a wry introduction of the candidate during his visit to Hollywood, California. Rogers, a gum-chewing, rope-twirler from Oklahoma and famous Ziegfeld Follies star, was known as the ôbest-loved actor in America.ö He was also a newspaper columnist and homespun radio philosopher, whose gentle and perceptive kidding was a fixture of both the political and entertainment scenes in the 1930s. s, 58 nations sent representatives to the 10th Olympiad. 10 dollars in cash, a toothbrush, and a quart of chicken soup. atisfactorily rebut the investigationÆs charges. Rather than be forced from office, Jimmy Walker resigned on August 28, 1932. on. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 20th Republican presidential convention met in Chicago in June, 1932, amid an atmosphere of gloom following almost three disastrous years of the Great Depression. The solemnity in the hall was relieved only by the demonstrations staged by the anti-prohibition forces. Only a few of the 1,154 delegates believed that Herbert Hoover could be reelected, but the party rallied behind him and renominated him for a second term. The final platform included a call to resubmit the prohibition issue to states, in hopes the new position would help local tickets. 10th Olympiad. 10 dollars in cash, a toothbrush, and a quart of chicken soup. atisfactorily rebut the investigationÆs charges. Rather than be forced from office, Jimmy Walker resigned on August 28, 1932. on. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1932, Democrats arrived in Chicago confident that the White House was theirs for the taking. The nation, led by the Republicans for 12 years, had been plunged from a period of peak prosperity to an all-time record depression - and the voters were ready for a change. Although Roosevelt was easily the leading contender, he had several serious opponents, including Al Smith and Texan John Nance Garner. A compromise was worked out, with Garner exchanging his delegates for the spot as RooseveltÆs running mate. The Democratic platform promised cures for the depression, veterans pensions, farm aid, and banking and financial reforms; it also supported repeal of Prohibition. The convention ended with delegates singing a new theme song, Happy Days Are Here Again. n. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Although Walter Lippman had described Franklin Delano Roosevelt as ôan amiable man... who, without any important qualifications for the office, would very much like to be president,ö the Democratic candidateÆs impact on the country was unprecedented. Endowed with a famous name, natural warmth, and personal charm, Roosevelt captivated a weary nation with his zest for life and his unabashed delight in the game of politics. Roosevelt directed himself to ôthe forgotten man at the bottom of the economic pyramid.ö He said: ôThis is more than a political campaign...it is a call to arms.ö , farm aid, and banking and financial reforms; it also supported repeal of Prohibition. The convention ended with delegates singing a new theme song, Happy Days Are Here Again. n. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. President Herbert HooverÆs 1932 campaign was conducted in an atmosphere almost as funereal as that which prevailed at the convention. The Republicans had adopted a platform which offered nothing new or dramatic to the electorate. While forecasting the end of the depression, the G.O.P. offered no specific proposals to relieve the general misery. While Democrat Franklin Roosevelt appeared vigorous, confident, and serene in his ability to solve the national ailments, Hoover seemed edgy, detached, and diminished by the pressures of the presidency. Despite the vocal support of another Roosevelt, Edith (widow of Teddy Roosevelt), Hoover went down to defeat in November. on. The convention ended with delegates singing a new theme song, Happy Days Are Here Again. n. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Franklin Roosevelt was a pioneer in the use of radio to speak directly to the nation. On November 12, four days after the 1932 national elections, Roosevelt spoke his first words to the nation as President-elect of the United States. His eloquence, his personal charm, and his voice of hope were to be an important part of American radio for the next 12 years. On Sunday evening, March 12, six days after he was inaugurated in 1933, the President made his first ôFireside Chatö from the White House to the people at home. He addressed his listeners as ôMy Friendsö and until his death in April 1945, F.D.R. continued to use the radio to talk directly to his countrymen. on. The convention ended with delegates singing a new theme song, Happy Days Are Here Again. n. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The University of Southern California had 12 men on the field at the start of the game and 13 points on the scoreboard at the end of the game to triumph in a shutout victory over Notre Dame, before 100,000 spectators in the Memorial Coliseum of Los Angeles. The twelfth man was injured USC quarterback Orv Mohler, who was accorded the honor of holding the ball for the opening kickoff. After that his teammates took over, holding Notre Dame scoreless while picking up two touchdowns themselves. Homer Griffith, playing both quarterback and fullback for the Trojans, was instrumental in both scoring drives, throwing a long pass to halfback Bob McNeish for the one tally, and crashing through center from close range for the other. me song, Happy Days Are Here Again. n. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. With the scoreboard above their heads reading ôArmy 20 - Navy 0,ö the gray-clad corps of West Point cadets stood bareheaded before the MidshipmenÆs cheering section in PhiladelphiaÆs Franklin Field to sing, ôGood-Night Navy, WeÆre Going to Leave You Now.ö Two touchdowns in the final period, along with an earlier first period tally, inspired the farewell serenade, which was to become a part of every future Army victory. olding Notre Dame scoreless while picking up two touchdowns themselves. Homer Griffith, playing both quarterback and fullback for the Trojans, was instrumental in both scoring drives, throwing a long pass to halfback Bob McNeish for the one tally, and crashing through center from close range for the other. me song, Happy Days Are Here Again. n. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. This was a series of sweet revenge for Yankee manager Joe McCarthy, who had been released by the Cubs at the end of the 1930 season after failing to bring them a world championship. Instead he managed the Bronx Bombers to a 37-run, 4-game sweep of the Cubs from September 28 to October 2, 1932. The leader of the Yankee romp was Lou Gehrig. In the four games, he connected for nine hits including three homers and a double, scoring nine runs and driving in eight while compiling a .529 average. Ruth, playing in his last series, hit two home runs and Tony Lazzeri added two more. in both scoring drives, throwing a long pass to halfback Bob McNeish for the one tally, and crashing through center from close range for the other. me song, Happy Days Are Here Again. n. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After alternating between long and short in the 1920s, the evenings gowns of the 1932 suddenly took a plunge and descended evenly to the ground. No matter what the length of the dress, however, the slip was to be knee-length if the dress was transparent! The ôPicture Dressö was cut full and fell gracefully from waist to hem. The fashionable evening gown reserved its fullness for the knee downwards, fitting close and outlining the figure from thigh to the knees. This style was especially recommended for tall, thin women. s, hit two home runs and Tony Lazzeri added two more. in both scoring drives, throwing a long pass to halfback Bob McNeish for the one tally, and crashing through center from close range for the other. me song, Happy Days Are Here Again. n. Four years later, Congress provided for payment of the bonus certificates in cash, or in bonds of small denominations. do so in 1956. a few days later. nÆs body was carefully preserved for viewing by future generations; in fact, it outlasted the Soviet Union itself, which crumbled in the late 1980s. red $3,000,000 worth of medical supplies to 14,000 Russian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was 51 years old when he was first sworn into office as the 32nd President of the United States. He took office on Saturday, March 4th, 1933, in an impressive ceremony held on the east portico of the Capitol. The oath of office was administered by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Charles Evans Hughes, in view of a crowd estimated at 100,000. Mr. Roosevelt took office at a period of grave national crisis; insecurity, fear, and hunger preyed on the national mind. Since the election of 1932, an attempt had been made on RooseveltÆs life, the industrial production index had dropped to an all-time low, runs on banks were increasing, people were hoarding gold, and the future held little promise of relief. In answer to the prophets of doom, the new President said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On January 5, 1933, former president Calvin Coolidge died suddenly of a heart attack in his Massachusetts home, ôThe Beeches.ö Mr. Coolidge was 60 years old. A Congressional delegation and President and Mrs. Herbert Hoover, as well as many foreign dignitaries, attended the funeral services in Northhampton. A procession of 20 autos then made the 100-mile motor trip to Plymouth, Vermont, where only close friends were admitted to the cemetery where the service lasted only five minutes. Mourners and spectators from the surrounding countryside, friends and neighbors of 60 years, stood with heads uncovered in the rain. all-time low, runs on banks were increasing, people were hoarding gold, and the future held little promise of relief. In answer to the prophets of doom, the new President said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. By 1932, Adolf HitlerÆs National Socialist Party was rapidly gaining in popularity and steadily increasing its representation in the German parliament, the Reichstag. The German people, angered by a stream of ineffectual governments, were suffering gravely from the effects of worldwide depression and were still bridling under the humiliating provisions of the Versailles Treaty that ended World War I. Hitler offered powerful leadership, promising to repudiate the Versailles Treaty and make Germany strong again. He also offered a convenient scapegoat for his nationÆs troubles: the Jews. Conservatives in the government actually aided HitlerÆs election, believing that by making Hitler Chancellor they could control him. They were soon proven wrong. he prophets of doom, the new President said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 18th Amendment to the Federal Constitution, passed after World War I, prohibited the sale of liquor and spirits in the United States. The so-called Volstead Act was, however, widely evaded. After his election in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt led the effort which resulted in the ratification of the 21st Amendment on December 5, 1933, ending the Prohibition. It also ended a black market which had become a major American industry, with bootleggers, rum-runners, ônear beerö brewers, illegal stills, and speakeasies. For the first time in 13 years, Americans could buy a legal drink. ws. Conservatives in the government actually aided HitlerÆs election, believing that by making Hitler Chancellor they could control him. They were soon proven wrong. he prophets of doom, the new President said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 1932 Democratic platform called for repeal of the Volstead Act, which had prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages. In 1933, the 21st Amendment to the Constitution was ratified and the ôdry lawö was repealed. Fifteen days after President Franklin Roosevelt signed the resolution, 211 breweries (which had continued to produce alcohol-free ônear-beerö) were ready to manufacture a stronger brew again. The first beer that was legally sold was limited to an alcoholic content of 3.2 percent. Hard liquor devotees had to wait a few extra months. Americans could buy a legal drink. ws. Conservatives in the government actually aided HitlerÆs election, believing that by making Hitler Chancellor they could control him. They were soon proven wrong. he prophets of doom, the new President said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Franklin Roosevelt called his governmental reform program the New Deal. The President described it as a ôuse of the authority of government as an organized form of self-help for all classes and groups and sections of the country.ö The Civic Works Administration (CWA) was established in 1933 and supplied funds to local authorities for public projects to hire the unemployed. Created in 1935, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) gave work and training to 500,000 young men. It achieved great success in flood control, forestry, and soil conservation. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) similarly provided work for 2,000,000 persons annually between 1935 and 1941, concentrating largely in the areas of construction, architecture, and the arts. . he prophets of doom, the new President said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. 16 years and nine days after the establishment of a Soviet government, official relations between the United States and the Soviet Union were established on November 16, 1933. The new relationship was the result of 10 days of negotiations and nearly a dozen letters between Franklin Roosevelt and Soviet representative Maxim Litvinov. Most members of Congress viewed the agreement as an enlightened step forward; the press saw it as an inevitable progression of the times. Exporters expected huge trade orders. Socialists predicted that the move would strengthen chances of world peace. The Soviet people hailed the move as a triumph for Soviet esteem among the nations of the world. largely in the areas of construction, architecture, and the arts. . he prophets of doom, the new President said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1933, liberal students rebelled against the dictatorial activities of Gerardo Machado, president of Cuba since 1925. Machado was opposed to the political bonds of the Platt Amendment, part of a 1901 Cuban-American treaty which made Cuban economics dependent on the United States. A series of coups followed, and in 1934 the Cubans rejected the Platt Amendment, except for the continuance of the U.S. Naval base in Guantanamo Bay. The U.S. State Department quickly advised CubaÆs 5000 American citizens to take refuge on the nearest American war vessel. Negotiations were carried on for the safe conduct of women and children so they could be taken aboard without landing Marines. By September, the U.S. Navy and the Coast Guard had 30 ships stationed in and around Cuba. m, the new President said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) of 1933 was the name given to a legislative program instituted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt shortly after he took office. The aim of the group of laws was to stimulate economic recovery. In order to promote support and understanding for the legislation, a battery of emblems, flags, and encouraging statements from distinguished and popular American figures was issued to the public. Ex-Governor of New York Alfred E. Smith urged public acceptance of the NRA. The influential Kate Smith (1909-) also campaigned for NRAÆs acceptance. Smith, who had rocketed to singing stardom after her radio debut in 1931, was one of the most popular recording and radio stars of the time. ard had 30 ships stationed in and around Cuba. m, the new President said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In June 1933, Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), one of many daring measures introduced by Franklin Delano Roosevelt in his ôfirst hundred daysö as president. Designed to revive industrial and business activity and to reduce unemployment, the NIRA put industry under a self-imposed fair competition code. Participants in the program displayed the Blue Eagle of the National Recovery Association, or NRA. Eleanor Roosevelt drove from the family estate in Hyde Park to her Val-Kill antique furniture shop, where she was part owner and an active supervisor. She tacked the symbolic Blue Eagle on her door, indicating that her small factory was subscribing to the code of the NRA. Her employees were guaranteed 80 cents an hour and a minimum weekly pay of $24. President said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Helen Morgan (1900-1941) travelled from life as a Chicago manicurist to stardom on stage, radio, screen, and nightclubs. She was described by artist James Montgomery Flagg as ôa composite of all the ruined women in the world,ö and her husky voice was perfect for songs about cheating mates and love gone wrong. By the time she was 25 years old, she was well-known for perching on a piano (her trademark) to sing over the heads of the nightclub crowds. She remained a nightclub and Broadway star for the rest of her 41 years. Unforgettable as ôJulieö in ZiegfeldÆs Show Boat, she brought down the house night after night singing Bill and CanÆt Help LovinÆ Dat Man, each guaranteed to release a deluge of tears and leave the audience pleading for more. Morgan died of liver failure in 1941. nt said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Italo Balbo (1896-1940) was a famous Italian aviator and statesman. Balbo was the general of the Italian national militia and the first Italian minister of aviation. He was promoted to air marshal in 1933 and also governor-general of Libya. General Balbo organized multi-plane transatlantic flights to Brazil (1929) and to the United States (1933). In the latter flight, he commanded a squadron of 25 Italian planes in a flight from Rome to the Chicago WorldÆs Fair. While in New York, Balbo was honored with a ticker-tape parade. Balbo was killed (1940) in an air crash over Tobruk, Libya, during a British bombardment. ging Bill and CanÆt Help LovinÆ Dat Man, each guaranteed to release a deluge of tears and leave the audience pleading for more. Morgan died of liver failure in 1941. nt said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Lou Meyer, who had won the Indianapolis 500 auto race in 1928, took the lead in the 1933 race at the 375-mile mark and held on to become the second-ever two-time winner (Tommy Milton won in 1921 and 1923). Meyer set a new record for the distance as he whizzed his Tydol Special around at an average speed of 104.162 m.p.h. MeyerÆs record speed was extraordinary considering that the race was slowed down twice because of fatal accidents. Driver Mark Billman was killed when his car skidded on a turn and crashed into a wall, and driver Les Spangler and his mechanic, G.L. Jordan, died when they slammed into another disabled car blocking the track. ovinÆ Dat Man, each guaranteed to release a deluge of tears and leave the audience pleading for more. Morgan died of liver failure in 1941. nt said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Chicago WorldÆs Fair opened on May 27, 1933, and closed on October 31, 1934. It was known as the ôCentury of Progress Exposition,ö in honor of the 100th anniversary of ChicagoÆs incorporation as a village. A highlight of the opening ceremonies came that night when a beam of light from the star Arcturus, which astronomers noted had traveled 40 years to reach earth, was caught via telescopes and transmitted to a lighting switch in the tower of the ExpositionÆs Hall of Science. Upon contact with the star, the fairgrounds, pavilions and waterways were bathed with light to the delight of the spectators who broke into cheers and applause at the dazzling spectacle. uaranteed to release a deluge of tears and leave the audience pleading for more. Morgan died of liver failure in 1941. nt said, ôthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Aimee Semple McPherson had a 34-year career as a popular Christian evangelist. In 1933, McPherson (1890-1944) announced that she would launch a ônationwide crusade to plant the cross of Jesus alongside the Blue Eagle of the NRA.ö McPherson was booked for six weeks at New York CityÆs Capitol Theater - at a guarantee of $5000 a week - and announced that the money she received would be put into her Angelus Temple. Her headquarters at the $1.5 million temple in Los Angeles seated 5,000. It was complete with a radio studio, a chapel for babies, a club for lonely hearts and a Miracle Room for discarded braces and crutches. McPherson described her philosophy, which claimed millions of generous converts, this way: ôI bring spiritual consolation to the middle classes, leaving those below to the Salvation Army.ö we have to fear is fear itself.ö Roosevelt immediately went into action. The day following his inauguration he proclaimed a federal bank holiday and summoned an extra session of Congress. Over the next 100 days he set in motion a series of reforms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On February 15, 1933, after delivering a speech at Bay Front Park in Miami, Florida, President-elect Franklin Roosevelt stood chatting with Mayor Anton Cermak of Chicago. Suddenly, Giuseppe Zangara, a 33-year-old unemployed bricklayer from Calabria, Italy, began firing at Roosevelt. His first shot struck Margaret Kruis standing near the President-elect. A second shot then hit Mayor Cermak just below his ribs. A third shot was deflected by Lillian Cross, who shoved ZangaraÆs arm upward, but hit Mrs. Joseph Gill. A fourth shot hit a New York City detective, William Sinnott. Finally, the fifth and last shot struck a small boy, Russell Caldwell. Spectators and police subdued Zangara while Cermak was rushed to a hospital. Cermak died 19 days later after telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Versailles Peace Treaty, signed by Germany on June 28, 1919, forced Germany to submit to reparations, territorial supervision, and checks on remilitarization. In 1926, Germany was admitted to the League of Nations. At the 1933 World Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, BritainÆs Sir John Simon, supported by the United States and France, proposed a European armaments standstill for four years and eventual equalization of armaments between Germany and other European powers. On October 4, 1933, Hitler, with the backing of von Hindenburg, announced that Germany would not wait until 1938 to achieve arms equality with France, but would instead continue to stockpile arms. He withdrew Germany from the League and recalled his delegation from Geneva. after telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Met Ott led the New York Giants to an easy five-game win (October 3-7, 1933) over the Washington Senators in the 1933 World Series. ôOttieö homered to win the first game and homered again to win the last. In between, he had enough hits (7) to compile a series-leading .389 batting average. The GiantsÆ pitching was excellent; Carl Hubbell won two games, and Hal Schumacher and Dolf Luque each won one. For Washington, the big disappointment was the pitching of their 24-game winner Alvin Crowder, who was knocked out of the game in both of his starts. that Germany would not wait until 1938 to achieve arms equality with France, but would instead continue to stockpile arms. He withdrew Germany from the League and recalled his delegation from Geneva. after telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Former New York Giants Manager John J. McGraw was lured out of retirement to manage the National League in the first interleague All-Star Game in baseball history. But the biggest star of them all, Babe Ruth, stole the show with a home run to give the American League a 4-2 victory at ChicagoÆs Comiskey Park. Losing was nothing new to McGraw: out of nine series appearances, McGrawÆs Giants lost six (1911, 1912, 1913, 1917, 1923, 1924). With a man on base in the third inning, Ruth drove a low line drive into the lower pavilion just inside the right field foul pole and broke into his famous home-run trot. Both McGraw and American League Manager Connie Mack praised ôthe game of the century,ö and both expressed the hope that it would be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Notre Dame left end Wayne Millner penetrated the Army line late in the fourth period, blocked Maurice SimonsÆ punt and recovered the ball in the end zone to give Notre Dame a 13-12 victory in this 1933 game. The most disastrous season in Notre Dame football history had ended in a flash of victory. MillnerÆs score, the second of the fourth period for Notre Dame, came before a gathering of 78,000 fans at New YorkÆs Yankee Stadium, including Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur, and New YorkÆs Mayor-Elect Fiorello La Guardia. Army scored all its points in the second period and had carried a margin of 12-0 into the final period. eague Manager Connie Mack praised ôthe game of the century,ö and both expressed the hope that it would be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. A clear blue sky, with the sun lending a hint of Indian summer, provided a perfect setting as Army continued its mastery over Navy by a score of 12-7 on November 25, 1933. The 78,000 fans had hardly settled into their seats at Franklin Field, Philadelphia, when Cadet Paul Johnson gathered in a Navy punt on his own 19-yard line, cut sharply to his left, and raced 81 yards for a touchdown, with 3 teammates forming a blocking escort. NavyÆs left halfback Walter ôRedö Baumberger matched the score before the period was out with a 38-yard gallop off his own right tackle. But ArmyÆs Jack Buckler scored the deciding touchdown midway through the second period with a 25-yard romp. the century,ö and both expressed the hope that it would be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In a bitter, hard-driving finish, BrokerÆs Tip, with Jockey Don Meade up, nosed out Head Play, ridden by H.W. Fisher, before a crowd of 40,000 onlookers at the 59th annual running of the Kentucky Derby in Louisville in May 1933. It was owner E.R. BradleyÆs fourth Churchill Downs victory, and his second in succession following the previous yearÆs win with Burgoo King. BrokerÆs Tip ran the mile and one-quarter in 2:06.8. g escort. NavyÆs left halfback Walter ôRedö Baumberger matched the score before the period was out with a 38-yard gallop off his own right tackle. But ArmyÆs Jack Buckler scored the deciding touchdown midway through the second period with a 25-yard romp. the century,ö and both expressed the hope that it would be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. By the year 1933, dress materials could be purchased for less than half their pre-depression prices. Sewing for the sake of economy came back into practice. Ready-made garments also dropped in price. Frequently resembling the better-made street dresses, house dresses were designed with ingenuity and charm and sold for one dollar. The classic shirtwaist dress, with its buttons down the front from neck to hem, came into general use during this period. The style was both simple and extremely popular. e period was out with a 38-yard gallop off his own right tackle. But ArmyÆs Jack Buckler scored the deciding touchdown midway through the second period with a 25-yard romp. the century,ö and both expressed the hope that it would be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1934 the world was fascinated by the birth of quintuplets in Canada. Cecile, Yvonne, Annette, Marie and Emilie Dionne were born in a seven-room farmhouse near Callender, Ontario, Canada on May 28, 1934. Their father, Elzire, a laborer, and mother, Oliva, were also the parents of five other children. The quintupletsÆ combined weight was 13 pounds, six ounces. They were delivered by a country doctor, Allen Dafoe, who saved their lives by his constant supervision and care. Dafoe worked through many nights, with few medicinal supplies, using warmed bricks in a makeshift incubator. The Dionnes were believed to be the first quintuplets to live more than a few hours. mp. the century,ö and both expressed the hope that it would be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In the 1930s, the cumulative effect of harsh farming methods, combined with a severe and lengthy drought, turned much of AmericaÆs Great Plains region into an arid wasteland. Dust storms made day seem like night, and tens of thousands of families had to flee their once-rich land, many moving westward in the hope of finding work in California. An estimated 295,000 acres of land and 414,202 farms were engulfed in the huge dustbowl. In 1937 alone, 72 severe dust storms plagued the plains states, and sent thousands more families westward in search of work. Huge squatterÆs camps sprang up in California as the work-hungry victims followed the crops. re than a few hours. mp. the century,ö and both expressed the hope that it would be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On Saturday morning, September 8, 1934, the four-year-old steamship Morro Castle, which had been described as the ôsafest ship of her size,ö caught fire eight miles off the coast of Asbury Park, New Jersey. Of the 318 passengers and 231 crew members aboard, 134 persons (90 passengers, 44 crew members) lost their lives in a disaster which led to new safety standards for all American flag vessels. In the early evening before the fire, Captain Robert Wilmott died of a heart attack while the ship fought a wild storm on a return trip to New York from Havana, Cuba. At 2:50 a.m., a steward discovered a locker fire which, fanned by a 40-mile-per-hour wind, swept through the whole superstructure, trapping passengers in their cabins. ld be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 27, 1933, the Century of Progress Exposition opened in Chicago to celebrate the centennial of the founding of that city. By 1934, business had slackened, and to give the Fair a boost, popular entertainers were invited to attend the Exposition. Stars of stage, screen, and radio were brought to Chicago. Among them was ôAmericaÆs Sweetheart,ö Mary Pickford, longtime star of silent films. She cavorted, posed, and lent charm to the exhibits. Wilmott died of a heart attack while the ship fought a wild storm on a return trip to New York from Havana, Cuba. At 2:50 a.m., a steward discovered a locker fire which, fanned by a 40-mile-per-hour wind, swept through the whole superstructure, trapping passengers in their cabins. ld be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. John Dillinger was one of the most feared and intensely hunted outlaws of the American Depression. Labeled Public Enemy Number One by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1933 and 1934, Dillinger was a murderous bank robber in an era before computerized communications and surveillance cameras. Dillinger had plastic surgery performed to change his appearance and used acid to alter his fingerprints, and once even whittled a wooden gun and used it to bluff himself out of jail. His career ended on July 22, 1934, as he died in a hail of bullets from the guns of a number of FBI agents who lay in wait for him in front of ChicagoÆs Biograph theater. nd, swept through the whole superstructure, trapping passengers in their cabins. ld be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Fanny Brice was known as a brilliant performer and comedian. She grew up on New York CityÆs lower East Side where she learned the accents, and the attitude, she would later use in her routines. Brice made her way through show business amateur nights and reached the then-booming burlesque circuit. Producer Florenz Ziegfeld made her a headliner in his Follies of 1910. In 1921, Ziegfeld felt that Fanny could make audiences cry as easily as she had made them howl; he presented Fanny singing My Man. Ziegfeld was right: audiences wept. Brice went on to star in movies, and was a hit in radio with her wildly successful ôBaby Snooksö character. ter. nd, swept through the whole superstructure, trapping passengers in their cabins. ld be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1934, the problems presented by the use of machinery to replace workers were aggravating the already high unemployment resulting from the most severe economic depression in AmericaÆs history. The increasing use of machinery continued to be a controversial issue throughout the century; for some labor unions, it was the most vital issue of the day. World War II temporarily solved the problem by boosting the economy and creating a demand for labor. them howl; he presented Fanny singing My Man. Ziegfeld was right: audiences wept. Brice went on to star in movies, and was a hit in radio with her wildly successful ôBaby Snooksö character. ter. nd, swept through the whole superstructure, trapping passengers in their cabins. ld be repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On December 10, 1933, AmericaÆs first Ambassador to the 16-year-old Soviet government, William C. Bullitt, entered the Soviet Union. He was greeted at the border by representatives of the Foreign Office. It was the first time in Soviet history that any foreign ambassador had been met at the frontier or shown any attention before arriving in Moscow. Bullitt was accompanied by his own nine-year-old daughter, Ann, and three secretaries. Three days later, in Moscow, Mr. Bullitt was met at the gate of the Kremlin by the Soviet Chief of Protocol and conducted to the Alexandrosky Palace. He was greeted by President Mikhail Kalinin and Foreign Commissar Maxim Litvinov in a reception room adjacent to a former throne room of the Czars. e repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Ed Wynn began his career with a touring repertoire company as a straight dramatic actor; half a century later, Wynn again did straight dramatic roles to great applause. But in between, Wynn was ôThe Perfect Fool,ö a tremendously popular star of stage, screen, and television. Wynn began as a comedian who wrote his own material, music, lyrics, and jokes for over 11 years of vaudeville. He moved to Broadway in 1914, appearing in such shows as Ziegfeld Follies of 1914, Over the Top, The Perfect Fool and Laugh Parade. Wynn carried his silly-voiced character with him into radio and television, and remained successful until his death in 1966 at age 79. axim Litvinov in a reception room adjacent to a former throne room of the Czars. e repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Paul von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg was one of GermanyÆs greatest military heroes. In 1925, at age 78, he was elected President of the Republic, an incarnation of the earlier days of German glory. Hindenburg was re-elected in 1932 and, yielding to the pressure of the emerging Nazi Party, he appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor. On August 2, 1934, at 9 oÆclock in the morning, 87-year-old von Hindenburg died. The same day, the government announced that Adolf Hitler had assumed the powers of head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces through a law enacted the day before, which combined the offices of Chancellor and President. 9. axim Litvinov in a reception room adjacent to a former throne room of the Czars. e repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Chicago Bears entered the second Professional Football Championship in 1934 having gone 33 games in a row without tasting defeat. Two top stars of the Bears team were out with injuries, but despite those losses the Bears were heavy favorites. The game was played before a crowd of 35,059 in New YorkÆs Polo Grounds, in frigid nine-degree weather with a sheet of ice covering the field. The contest became known as the ôSneaker Gameö because New York coach Steven Owen had his team don basketball sneakers during halftime. With better traction, the Giants went on to score four second-half touchdowns and rout the Bears for the championship. ent. 9. axim Litvinov in a reception room adjacent to a former throne room of the Czars. e repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Carl Hubbell did some of the most magnificent hurling seen in years during his turn at the 1934 baseball All-Star Game. Hubbell, of the National League, struck out famous sluggers Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmy Foxx, Al Simmons, and Joe Cronin in order over a span of two innings. Other National League pitchers didnÆt fare as well in the American LeagueÆs second victory in a row, 9-7, on July 10, 1934. The game was played at New YorkÆs Polo Grounds in ideal weather before 50,000 spectators. etball sneakers during halftime. With better traction, the Giants went on to score four second-half touchdowns and rout the Bears for the championship. ent. 9. axim Litvinov in a reception room adjacent to a former throne room of the Czars. e repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. St. Louis only slipped into this World Series because the New York Giants blew six of their last seven games to drop into second place. The Cardinals had had a remarkable season, with Dizzy Dean winning an amazing 30 games and brother Paul (also known as ôDaffyö) adding 19, including a no-hitter. Then, just as Dizzy had said they would, they each won two games in the World Series. Ducky Medwick also had a fine series for the Cardinals, hitting .379, including a homer and a triple. ors. etball sneakers during halftime. With better traction, the Giants went on to score four second-half touchdowns and rout the Bears for the championship. ent. 9. axim Litvinov in a reception room adjacent to a former throne room of the Czars. e repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Fullback Bill Clark knelt in the mud and pelting rain to hold the ball for tackle Slade Cutter, who booted a 20-yard field goal for the only score of the day to give the Navy a 3-0 victory over the Army. The game was played December 1, 1934 on a sloppy Franklin Field in Philadelphia. It was NavyÆs first victory over the Cadets since 1921, with 8 defeats and 2 ties in the last 10 meetings. 80,000 rain-drenched spectators turned out to see a game played between two slipping, sliding, mud-caked football teams. g halftime. With better traction, the Giants went on to score four second-half touchdowns and rout the Bears for the championship. ent. 9. axim Litvinov in a reception room adjacent to a former throne room of the Czars. e repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Responding to the urging of his jockey, Mack Garner, thoroughbred Cavalcade rode home to victory in the 60th annual running of the Kentucky Derby at LouisvilleÆs Churchill Downs. The brown three-year-old finished the mile and a quarter in a time of 2:04 flat, just three lengths ahead of Alfred Gwynne VanderbiltÆs horse, Discovery. Agrasian finished third, seven lengths back. Cavalcade, a 3-2 favorite in the race, earned $28,175 for owner Mrs. Dodge Sloan. en two slipping, sliding, mud-caked football teams. g halftime. With better traction, the Giants went on to score four second-half touchdowns and rout the Bears for the championship. ent. 9. axim Litvinov in a reception room adjacent to a former throne room of the Czars. e repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Some 40,000 fans turned out to see the 1934 Rose Bowl game between underdog Columbia and Stanford University at Pasadena, California. Through a steady and disheartening rain, the Lions splashed their way to a stunning 7-0 upset victory. ColumbiaÆs lone touchdown came in the second period. The Lions had twice driven within scoring distance of the Stanford goal, but had been halted both times by fumbles. Then, quarterback Cliff Montgomery took to the air and completed a pass to right end Tony Matal. Two plays later, Columbia unveiled their now historic KF-79 play, slipping the ball to halfback Al Barabas, who raced 17 yards for the score. nt. 9. axim Litvinov in a reception room adjacent to a former throne room of the Czars. e repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After the wild years of the late 1920s, the clothing fashions of the early 1930s were more artistic in line and silhouette than any since the early 1890s. A clothing designer was heard to remark: ôThe too-short skirt and the formless frock were used to express new-found feminine freedom. They exposed legs which were not always shapely. Some were too scrawny, others too plump and bulging.ö By 1934, skirts were again longer and tighter. As the skirts grew tighter, the shoulders of dresses grew larger with the help of padding. A new trend had started, and by 1936, for the first time in the history of the dress, it was considered beautiful for a woman to have shoulders wider than her hips. to a former throne room of the Czars. e repeated annually. er telling Roosevelt, ôIÆm mighty glad it was me instead of you...the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Thousands attended the November 2 opening day of the 1935 Auto Show to see 300 new cars by 30 different makers. Safety seemed to be the new emphasis; most cars emphasized comfort and protection over the power and speed that had been popular the year before. The Cord 810 - advertised as ôThe Car of 1950ö - was the star of the show, with innovations years ahead of the other automobiles. Most 1936 cars were bulky, boxy, and bus-like. The Cord, on the other hand, was a vision in curves, a ground-hugger and front-wheeler whose radiator, headlights, door hinges, and gas cap were concealed behind smooth lines. Its impressive instrument panel thrilled car buffs. Despite its dazzling debut, the CordÆs days were numbered. Radiator and gear shift troubles overshadowed its elegance; from 1936 to 1937 only 3,100 were sold. .the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On March 21, 1935, when George Bernard Shaw sailed from England for a holiday in South Africa, he responded to reporters in the usual Shavian manner. ôItÆs nice to go for a holiday and know that Hitler has settled everything so well in Europe,ö said Shaw. ShawÆs dry comments on any subject, particularly world figures, often provoked a public reaction. Was he serious? Or was he joking? No matter what, he was always quotable. Very early in his career, George Bernard Shaw established a reputation for eccentricity, biting wit and persistent revolt against commonly accepted conventions. Later that same year, in a more sober tone, Shaw said that unless all the major powers - England, the U.S., France, Germany, and Russia - worked together, there would be no peace. s elegance; from 1936 to 1937 only 3,100 were sold. .the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Hitler and the Nazis were masters of dramatic public political theater. The FuhrerÆs 46th birthday celebration was a notable case in point. The April 20th, 1935 parade was a show of military strength designed to impress and inspire the German people, with whom Hitler was already very popular. It also served as a warning to any nation that might stand in the way of German resurgence. ? No matter what, he was always quotable. Very early in his career, George Bernard Shaw established a reputation for eccentricity, biting wit and persistent revolt against commonly accepted conventions. Later that same year, in a more sober tone, Shaw said that unless all the major powers - England, the U.S., France, Germany, and Russia - worked together, there would be no peace. s elegance; from 1936 to 1937 only 3,100 were sold. .the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), a part of Franklin RooseveltÆs New Deal program, was established in 1933 to plan and develop the entire Tennessee River Valley area. Water, power, soil conservation, rural electrification, forest conservation, flood control, and river navigation were all under the newly legislated development programs. Under powers granted by Congress, the TVA built dams, power plants, electric transmission lines, and housing projects. Between 1933 and 1944, nine main-river dams and many subsidiary ones were built along the water system. ly accepted conventions. Later that same year, in a more sober tone, Shaw said that unless all the major powers - England, the U.S., France, Germany, and Russia - worked together, there would be no peace. s elegance; from 1936 to 1937 only 3,100 were sold. .the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Will Rogers and Wiley Post were killed on August 15, 1935, when their plane crashed in fog close to Point Barrow, Alaska. They were on their way to the Orient. Will Rogers attained fame as a newspaper columnist; as a star of stage, screen and radio; and as a well-beloved ôcowboy philosopher.ö Wiley Post, American aviator, made an around-the-world flight with Harold Gatty in 1931 and repeated the trip solo in 1933. Ironically, it was a 10-minute hop that ended the careers of two famous fliers. dams and many subsidiary ones were built along the water system. ly accepted conventions. Later that same year, in a more sober tone, Shaw said that unless all the major powers - England, the U.S., France, Germany, and Russia - worked together, there would be no peace. s elegance; from 1936 to 1937 only 3,100 were sold. .the country needs you.ö Zangara, who was apparently crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) became AmericaÆs most distinguished guest when he took refuge from the Nazis on October 17, 1933. EinsteinÆs dramatic defiance of Hitler resulted in revocation of his citizenship and property; the German government put a price on his head. On October 22, 1935, Professor Einstein was one of several after-dinner speakers at the Town Hall Club in New York City who appealed for funds to help refugees from Germany who were facing starvation in various parts of the world. He pointed out that while German fascism was directed mostly against the Jews ôto purify the Aryan race in Germany,ö there were also other victims of Nazi terror. Einstein said: ôto leave these victims to their misery would be a heavy blow to all those who believe in human solidarity, and would encourage those who believe only in force and oppression to act accordingly.ö tly crazed with pain from stomach ulcers, bought the .32 caliber pistol in a pawnshop for $8 when he heard Roosevelt was coming to Miami. He pled guilty and was executed on March 20th. forms and recovery measures unequalled by any president before him. sian hospitals and institutions. ption: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Depression provided a big stage for would-be leaders with easy answers to the problems of the day. Father Charles Coughlin launched a radio program that gathered up to five million listeners every Sunday as he discussed the nationÆs problems. His audience sent him tens of thousands of dollar bills to support his ôNational Union for Social Justice.ö Another splinter group was headed by the senator from Louisiana, Huey P. ôKingfishö Long. Long was an enthusiastic New Deal backer until he tried, and failed, to manipulate Franklin Roosevelt. Instead Long launched his ôEvery Man A Kingö program, proposing the government confiscate all fortunes over $50 million and distribute the money evenly. When Long was assassinated on September 8, 1935, many of his listeners turned to Dr. Francis L. Townsend, a California physician whose Old Age Revolving Pension Plan (advocating the monthly payment of $200 to every person over 60) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. For 42 years, Huey Pierce Long led a charmed life, rising from travelling salesman to dictator of Louisiana politics. Along the way, he became the stateÆs governor, was a United States Senator, and was attacking Franklin Roosevelt in preparation for a run for President of the United States. His book, My First Days In The White House, was ready for publication at the time of his death. On the evening of September 8, 1935, accompanied by his ever-present bodyguards, ôThe Kingfishö left a session of the Louisiana legislature. From a dark corner in the Capitol corridor, a young man shoved a revolver into LongÆs side and fired. He fired once again before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Following a storybook romance, Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow lived peacefully in Hopewell, New Jersey. In March, 1932, their baby was kidnapped. Two months later, the babyÆs body was found. Two years later, Bruno Hauptmann was arrested for the crime. Marked ransom money was traced to him. Other evidence, including hand-writing analysis, pointed to Hauptmann as the perpetrator. He had no alibi for the night of the crime. One year after his conviction, on April 3, 1936, Bruno Hauptmann was executed. The so-called ôLindbergh Lawö made interstate kidnapping a federal crime. hoved a revolver into LongÆs side and fired. He fired once again before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Bruno Richard Hauptmann was arrested on September 19, 1934 for the 1932 kidnapping of Charles Lindbergh III, infant son of the famous aviator. Hauptmann was found with ransom money from the kidnapping in his garage, along with a large amount of other circumstantial evidence. Hauptmann insisted that the money had been left to him by a friend, and proclaimed his innocence. HauptmannÆs appeals were unsuccessful; he was convicted of the crime and electrocuted in 1936. l 3, 1936, Bruno Hauptmann was executed. The so-called ôLindbergh Lawö made interstate kidnapping a federal crime. hoved a revolver into LongÆs side and fired. He fired once again before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. American League pitchers Lefty Gomez of New York and Mel Harder of Cleveland yielded only four hits between them in hurling the American League to a 4-1 decision in the All-Star Game at ClevelandÆs Municipal Stadium on July 8, 1935. It was the third straight victory for the American League since the All-Star game began in 1933. Jimmy Foxx had two of the American LeagueÆs eight hits, among them a two-run home run in the first inning. Asked what kind of pitch he hit for the big blow, Foxx replied, ôA curve. They will try to hook that three and two ball, these National Leaguers.ö hoved a revolver into LongÆs side and fired. He fired once again before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Despite the loss of their great star, Hank Greenberg, the American League Most Valuable Player of 1935, Detroit beat the Cubs in six games. Greenberg broke a wrist in the third game. ôHammering Hankö batted in 170 runs for Detroit during the regular season. Tiger manager Mickey Cochrane switched third baseman Marv Owen to first, and put Herman Clifton on third -- and the pair produced a grand total of 1 hit in 36 at bats during the series. Fortunately for Detroit, Charley Gehringer hit .375, and was nearly equalled by Pete Fox and Goose Goslin. ball, these National Leaguers.ö hoved a revolver into LongÆs side and fired. He fired once again before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Driving into the lead at the far turn, William WoodwardÆs Omaha charged down the home stretch to a length-and-a-half victory over Roman Soldier in the 61st running of the Kentucky Derby at LouisvilleÆs Churchill Downs in 1935. The victory was no surprise as the colt, ridden by Willie Saunders, gained a good early position in the first quarter mile, moved up swiftly in the backstretch and jumped his field at the far turn. Omaha, sired by Gallant Fox, finished in 2:05.0 for the victory. t .375, and was nearly equalled by Pete Fox and Goose Goslin. ball, these National Leaguers.ö hoved a revolver into LongÆs side and fired. He fired once again before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Amid the splendor and pageantry surrounding the annual Tournament of Roses, a record-capacity crowd of 85,000 fans turned out to see the 1935 Rose Bowl game between Alabama and Stanford on January 1. From the opening kickoff, it was apparent that the contest would be between the passing of the Alabama Crimson Tide and the running of the Stanford Indians. With a great exhibition of quickness and accuracy through the air lanes, Alabama won 29-13. Quarterback Millard ôDixieö Howell starred for the Crimson Tide, making big plays on both offense and defense. ese National Leaguers.ö hoved a revolver into LongÆs side and fired. He fired once again before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Hemlines, which had hiked up almost to the knees in the 1920s, began to drop in the 1930s. Points and curves and dips and flares marked the lowered hemlines of the new skirts, which were recommended for taller women only; the styles were considered unbecoming for short or stout women. Finally, in 1935, the skirt lengthened gracefully in an even line, and taste was temporarily reestablished for all shapes and sizes. ir lanes, Alabama won 29-13. Quarterback Millard ôDixieö Howell starred for the Crimson Tide, making big plays on both offense and defense. ese National Leaguers.ö hoved a revolver into LongÆs side and fired. He fired once again before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1928, Italy and Ethiopia signed a 20-year treaty of friendship; soon, however, Italian leader Benito Mussolini was eager for expansion in Africa. Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie, anticipating invasion, appealed to the League of Nations for assistance but no action was taken. On October 3, 1935, open hostilities erupted. The Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa fell to the Italians in May 1936. In 1941, Ethiopia and Great Britain reconquered the land taken by Italy, and Ethiopia once again became an independent nation. plays on both offense and defense. ese National Leaguers.ö hoved a revolver into LongÆs side and fired. He fired once again before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Upon the death of King George V on January 20, 1936, the Prince of Wales succeeded to the throne as Edward VIII. His intention to marry Wallis Simpson, an American divorcee, precipitated a crisis. The government saw Simpson as an unsuitable bride and viewed EdwardÆs refusal to accede to its wishes as a threat to constitutional procedure. The King insisted upon his right to marry the woman of his choice. Since no resolution seemed possible, the King abdicated and on December 11, 1936, EdwardÆs brother, King George VI, succeeded him. Edward was granted the title of Duke of Windsor and on June 3, 1937, he married Wallis Simpson in France. ain before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. During the 1930s, amidst the worst depression in AmericaÆs history, many labor strikes took place. Some of the struggles between the strikers and the police resulted in violence, such as the dock strike in San Francisco, the automobile strike in Flint, Michigan, and the steel strike in Chicago. It was also a period of great political activity by the communists, whose U.S. members numbered about 100,000 during this time. Many believed that the communists fomented the labor strife. 936, EdwardÆs brother, King George VI, succeeded him. Edward was granted the title of Duke of Windsor and on June 3, 1937, he married Wallis Simpson in France. ain before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On November 1, 1936, Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, who later became Pope Pius XII, received an honorary degree of Doctor of Law from Fordham University in New York City. Pacelli, the Papal Secretary of State and highest ranking Vatican official to visit the United States until that time, was acclaimed by the U.S. as the ôCardinal of Peace.ö Cardinal Pacelli delighted Fordham students by announcing a holiday from classes in recognition of his visit. He then imparted the apostolic benediction to his entire audience. orge VI, succeeded him. Edward was granted the title of Duke of Windsor and on June 3, 1937, he married Wallis Simpson in France. ain before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 1936 Winter Olympic Games at Garnish-Partenkirchen, Germany, opened in a raging blizzard. The greatest number of contestants ever to appear in a Winter Olympiad came to Germany in 1936: 675 men and 80 women, representing 28 nations. The Norwegians won the most medals, especially maintaining their high standards in the sport of skiing. A new star was born in figure skating, as a young lady from Norway named Sonja Henie walked off with her third straight Olympic gold medal. enediction to his entire audience. orge VI, succeeded him. Edward was granted the title of Duke of Windsor and on June 3, 1937, he married Wallis Simpson in France. ain before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. When the 1936 Olympics were awarded to Germany in 1931, no one expected that in five years Germany would be taken over by Hitler and his Nazis. Hitler saw the games as a chance to prove Teutonic racial superiority and spared neither money nor effort in the cause. The Berlin Games and the German Olympic Team cost the Nazis over $30 million. The Reichssportfeld measured 325 acres, and the stadium held 110,000 spectators. The total gate receipts for the 16-day Olympiad were better than $2,800,000, reflecting an attendance of more than 5 million people. he title of Duke of Windsor and on June 3, 1937, he married Wallis Simpson in France. ain before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Although beset with problems created by Nazi control, the XI Olympics were successful and their technical direction, with German thoroughness, was nearly perfect. The star of this Olympiad, to HitlerÆs dismay, was a black American, Jesse Owens (1913-1980). Owens won track and field gold medals, an accomplishment without parallel in modern Olympic history until 1984, when American Carl Lewis repeated the feat. American athletes scored well in the track and field events, and the United States team won the gold, silver, and the bronze in the menÆs springboard diving competition. dsor and on June 3, 1937, he married Wallis Simpson in France. ain before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Republicans gathered in Cleveland for their 1936 convention. Four years of Democratic president Franklin Delano Roosevelt had convinced some Republicans that success could only be achieved with a new leader and an anti-New Deal platform. Kansas Governor Alfred M. Landon, who held office through the New Deal landslides of 1932 and 1934, seemed the ideal candidate. William Randolph Hearst hailed Landon as ôanother Lincoln.ö Frank Knox was nominated for vice-president. The ticket suffered one of the most disastrous defeats in American political history. d diving competition. dsor and on June 3, 1937, he married Wallis Simpson in France. ain before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Democratic convention of 1936 was mostly a routine endorsement of the administration and leadership of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The popular president was renominated by acclamation with no vote taken. John Nance Garner, who later likened the vice presidency to a ôpitcher of warm spit,ö was named RooseveltÆs running mate. In his acceptance speech, Roosevelt defended his so-called New Deal and attacked ôeconomic royalistsö who he said ôhad created a new despotism wrapped in the robes of legal sanction.ö He promised to ôdrive the money changers from the temple.ö ition. dsor and on June 3, 1937, he married Wallis Simpson in France. ain before the bodyguards shot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In the 1936 campaign, the Democrats were vehemently attacked by the Republicans. The G.O.P. faced an uphill battle: Franklin Roosevelt and Vice-President John Nance Garner had been popular with middle America during the depression. Generally speaking, conservatives, big business, and many of the elderly were against the Democrats, and 80 percent of the countryÆs newspapers supported Republicans. Yet Roosevelt, continued to successfully hammer away at what he called ôeconomic royalistsö who had contempt for the welfare of the nation. He stated that labor and the unemployed, the beneficiaries of the New Deal, were the major victims of monopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Republican candidates faced a quandary in 1936: how to adopt the most popular New Deal reforms, yet still woo voters away from the original New Dealers, the Democrats? Governor Alfred Landon of Kansas tried to keep the campaign from degenerating into a battle between the working class and the big business class, but he eventually joined in direct attacks on Roosevelt. Landon seemed to be gaining ground, but on election day only Maine and Vermont favored Landon and running mate Frank Knox. The other 46 states elected Democratic incumbent Franklin Roosevelt. d the unemployed, the beneficiaries of the New Deal, were the major victims of monopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1936 the reputable and influential Literary Digest predicted a solid presidential victory for Republican Alf Landon, as did most of the nationÆs newspapers. But shortly after polls closed in Eastern states, areas that had been Republican since LincolnÆs day began to report Democratic pluralities. Republican strongholds across the country toppled like a house of cards. Landon graciously conceded to Democrat Franklin Roosevelt at one oÆclock in the morning. Alf Landon and running mate Frank Knox had suffered the worst presidential election defeat in American history: 523 electoral votes to 8. The Literary Digest went out of business. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Arnold Constable and Company of New York City designed the second inaugural gowns for Eleanor Roosevelt, wife of President Franklin Roosevelt. The ôVictory Blueö dress for the morning ceremony was street length with a pleated panel front. For the afternoon reception, Mrs. Roosevelt chose a red dress with a floor-length tunic and a simple V-neckline. The ôWhite House Blueö evening gown had a high-cut bodice shirred to a graceful fullness. Over the gown she wore a floor-length scarf, with a border trim of blue-dyed white fox fur. al election defeat in American history: 523 electoral votes to 8. The Literary Digest went out of business. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The modern era of professional football actually began in 1933, when the first World Championship game was played. The Chicago Bears defeated the New York Giants, 23-21. In 1934 the first College All-Star game was played in Chicago; and in 1935, Bert Bell proposed the player selection system, or ôdraft,ö which insured that no professional football team would dominate the National Football League. By 1936, professional football was recognized all over the United States as a major professional sport. f blue-dyed white fox fur. al election defeat in American history: 523 electoral votes to 8. The Literary Digest went out of business. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Although the 1936 Boston Redskins were a championship contender in the National Football League all season long, Boston fans refused to support the club because the Redskin franchise was being relocated to Washington. As a result, the championship game with the Green Bay Packers was played on a neutral field, New YorkÆs Polo Grounds. before a big turnout of nearly 30,000 fans. After the kickoff, the Skins suffered a fatal blow as their great halfback Cliff Battles was badly injured. Packers quarterback Arnie Herber led his team to the championship, 21-6. an history: 523 electoral votes to 8. The Literary Digest went out of business. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Rookie star Joe DiMaggio, left the San Francisco Seals, to join the New York Yankees in the 1936 season. He joined veteran slugger Babe Ruth to help the Yankees win the American League pennant in a breeze. The New York Giants of the National League, meanwhile, came on strong in the latter part of the season to beat out the Cubs and Cardinals by five games. In the World Series, pitcher Carl Hubbell led the Giants to a 6-1 triumph in the first game; but the Bronx Bombers won the second game 18-4 and went on to take the series (Sept. 30, Oct. 2-6, 1936) in six games. ry: 523 electoral votes to 8. The Literary Digest went out of business. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Highly touted rookie Joe DiMaggio of the New York Yankees, had a poor day in the All-Star Game played July 7, 1936 at Boston. DiMaggio misplayed a drive by Gabby Hartnett into a triple, allowing Frank Demaree to score the winning run for the National League team. The run gave the Senior Circuit their first victory in the All-StarÆs short four-year history. The winning pitcher was Jay Hanna ôDizzyö Dean. The loser was Robert ôLeftyö Grove who was pitching when DiMaggio misplayed HartnettÆs drive. went on to take the series (Sept. 30, Oct. 2-6, 1936) in six games. ry: 523 electoral votes to 8. The Literary Digest went out of business. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. With just three minutes left in a scoreless game, 102,047 fans in PhiladelphiaÆs Municipal Stadium were thrown into an uproar as Navy turned a controversial pass interference penalty into a 7-0 victory over arch-rival Army. The Army defense appeared to have intercepted a goal-line pass by NavyÆs Bill Ingram; but interference was called on the play and Navy was awarded the ball on the two-yard line. Three plays later Sneed Schmidt went over from the one-yard line for NavyÆs second victory since 1921. t on to take the series (Sept. 30, Oct. 2-6, 1936) in six games. ry: 523 electoral votes to 8. The Literary Digest went out of business. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In the early 1930s, fashions were influenced by the depression; in the later 1930s, they were affected by the rumblings of World War II. World disturbances have often influenced the details of costume design: The 1936 Civil War in Spain, for example, gave impetus to the toreador shoulder decorations and the bolero jackets of the wool suits and dresses of the late 1930s. all on the two-yard line. Three plays later Sneed Schmidt went over from the one-yard line for NavyÆs second victory since 1921. t on to take the series (Sept. 30, Oct. 2-6, 1936) in six games. ry: 523 electoral votes to 8. The Literary Digest went out of business. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On January 20, 1937, thousands of spectators stood ankle-deep in slush; pelted by sleet and rain and a raw wind, while Franklin Delano Roosevelt swore for a second time on the family Bible to ôpreserve, protect, and defendö the Constitution of the United States. The inaugural oath was administered by Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes. On the platform were four generations of Roosevelts. The PresidentÆs inaugural address reviewed his goals for social justice. Mr. Roosevelt finished the day with a reception at the White House for 3,000 guests. 6) in six games. ry: 523 electoral votes to 8. The Literary Digest went out of business. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In early 1932, the Japanese invaded and occupied the Chinese province of Manchuria. After five years of consolidation, Japan launched a major invasion into the rest of China on July 27, 1937. Superior Japanese air power rained bombs and bullets on Chinese soldiers and civilians alike. Facing sporadic resistance from both Nationalist Chinese forces and communist guerrillas under Mao Tse-Tung, the Japanese gained extensive, but not total, control of the entire country. This stalemate did not end until Chinese and Allied forces joined to drive out the last of the Japanese invaders at the end of World War II in 1945. ent out of business. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On September 18, 1931, Japan initiated an invasion to wrest Manchuria from Chinese control. The United States and League of Nations protested but took no retaliatory measures. On November 11, 1936, Japan signed a pact with Nazi Germany. Threatened by the possibility of allied resistance, the Japanese launched a major invasion on July 27, 1937. The invasion was a bloody and brutal success; but the fighting in China kept a Japanese army of one million tied down and was of crucial importance to allied success in the Pacific theater. The Japanese signed an act of surrender with the Nationalist Chinese government on September 9, 1945. ss. onopoly control of the economy. ot him down with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In August 1938, Benny Goodman led his orchestra at a benefit performance for a Los Angeles sanatorium. The concert took place before 18,000 fans in New YorkÆs Madison Square Garden, and when the ôKing of Swingö and his band played, it was hard for the youngsters to remain seated. GoodmanÆs music helped create dance crazes like the jitterbug and the Lindy hop. Over five decades of performance, GoodmanÆs band attracted some of the worldÆs greatest jazz musicians, including drummer Gene Krupa, pianist Teddy Wilson, and legendary vibraphonist Lionel Hampton. An excellent classical musician, Goodman also appeared as a soloist with many classical orchestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. A popular female flyer in an age of male daredevils, Amelia Earhart was the first woman to cross the Atlantic solo, flying from Newfoundland to Londonderry, Ireland on May 20, 1932. On June 1, 1937, Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan took off for an around-the-world trip. After reaching and then departing from New Guinea on June 2, they both disappeared. The United States immediately organized a search. More than 200,000 square miles of ocean and nearby islands were searched, but neither Earhart nor Noonan were ever heard from again. ist Lionel Hampton. An excellent classical musician, Goodman also appeared as a soloist with many classical orchestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The German zeppelin Hindenburg, the largest airship ever built, was destroyed by fire and explosions May 6, 1937. The airship had just arrived at Lakehurst, New Jersey, after only its tenth transatlantic crossing. It was one of the worst tragedies in aviation history to that time: 36 of the 97 passengers were killed, and many of the 61 survivors were badly burned. The cause of the fire was unknown; speculation focussed on sparks from an electrical circuit which may have ignited the shipÆs hydrogen gas upon landing. ard from again. ist Lionel Hampton. An excellent classical musician, Goodman also appeared as a soloist with many classical orchestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Japanese troops, returning fresh from their victories in China in 1937, were greeted enthusiastically by the people of Tokyo. Eight years later, after years of fighting in China and the Pacific, the same Tokyo citizens would face an occupying army from the United States. hat time: 36 of the 97 passengers were killed, and many of the 61 survivors were badly burned. The cause of the fire was unknown; speculation focussed on sparks from an electrical circuit which may have ignited the shipÆs hydrogen gas upon landing. ard from again. ist Lionel Hampton. An excellent classical musician, Goodman also appeared as a soloist with many classical orchestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1862, 23-year-old John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) invested $4,000 of his savings in the oil refining business. As President of the Standard Oil Company, he gained a monopoly of the oil business until a court decree dissolved it in 1892, thirty years later. By then Rockefeller was well on his way to becoming a billionaire, and he remained in the oil business until his retirement in 1911. Widely known as a philanthropist, he established The Rockefeller Foundation, General Education Board, Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1937, after a notable string of victories in various tournaments, Robert ôBobbyö Riggs won the Eastern MenÆs Singles Championship on August 15 in Rye, New York. The 19-year-old Riggs suddenly had no superior on the American tennis scene, except Donald Budge, the national champion. In 1939, Riggs, then 21, became the national champion himself. In that same year he won at Wimbledon; he won the National Indoor Doubles with Elwood Cooke, and captured the National Indoor Mixed Doubles with Alice Marble. ockefeller Memorial, and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. War Admiral, son of racing legend Man OÆWar and the favorite in a field of 20 thoroughbreds, led from start to finish to win the 63rd Kentucky Derby in 1937. He was cheered home by 60,000 fans jammed into Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky. Jockey Charlie Kurtsinger laid his whip on War Admiral but once as they turned into the final straightaway; the champion ran the second-fastest time in Derby history, finishing in 2:03 1/2. War Admiral went on to become only the fourth horse to win racingÆs Triple Crown. r Memorial, and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. College football teams went ôbowlingö on both coasts in 1937. Duquesne University defeated Mississippi State by the slim margin of a place kick, 13-12, in the 1937 Orange Bowl in Miami. The Santa Clara Broncos staged a 14-point first period and held on to win 21-14 over the Louisiana State Tigers in the third annual Sugar Bowl contest in New Orleans. And in a game touted as ôA Battle of Lines,ö Pittsburgh UniversityÆs Golden Panthers powered their way to a smashing 21-0 rout of WashingtonÆs Huskies at the Rose Bowl. emorial, and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1937 the New York Yankees became the first team ever to win six different World Series titles. They accomplished the feat by whipping the New York Giants four out of five games, by scores of 8-1, 8-1, 5-1, and 4-2. Only a 7-3 Giant win in the fourth game kept the Yankees from a sweep. The YankeeÆs sixth championship broke a tie with the Athletics who, after winning their fifth championship in 1930, never won another until the 1980 World Series. to a smashing 21-0 rout of WashingtonÆs Huskies at the Rose Bowl. emorial, and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 7, 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt threw out the first ball for the fifth annual baseball All-Star Game. The American League triumphed over the National League 8-3. Lou Gehrig batted in half of his teamÆs runs with a towering two-run homer over the right field wall off Dizzy Dean, and a two-run double into deep center field off Van Lingle Mungo. American League pitcher Lefty Gomez pitched one-hit ball for three innings and gained his third All-Star victory. 0 rout of WashingtonÆs Huskies at the Rose Bowl. emorial, and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1936, Wilbur Shaw had led the famous Indianapolis 500 auto race for 50 laps, but hood rivets on his car came loose and forced him into the pits. He finished seventh in his Gilmore Special. In 1937, Shaw and his Gilmore were back again; this time with the hood firmly latched into place. Wilbur won the 1937 classic, but not without a battle: Ralph Hepburn crossed the finish line just 2.16 seconds after Shaw in what was the closest finish to date at Indianapolis. Shaw averaged 113.58 miles per hour for the victory. emorial, and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On December 12, 1937 at Wrigley Field in Chicago, the National Football League Championship game was played in freezing weather before a small turnout of 15,870. The Bears felt the sting of the cold and of new Redskin quarterback Sammy Baugh. Baugh completed one pass after another, including two long second-half touchdown tosses, and the Redskins downed the Bears 28-21. sh line just 2.16 seconds after Shaw in what was the closest finish to date at Indianapolis. Shaw averaged 113.58 miles per hour for the victory. emorial, and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The year was 1937, the Depression was fading, world war for America was still years away, and elegance reigned. And after years of shorter hemlines, long formal gowns made a triumphant return to popular fashion. First lady Eleanor RooseveltÆs own formal inaugural gown led the way on January 20, 1937. second-half touchdown tosses, and the Redskins downed the Bears 28-21. sh line just 2.16 seconds after Shaw in what was the closest finish to date at Indianapolis. Shaw averaged 113.58 miles per hour for the victory. emorial, and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Adolf Hitler and Italian dictator Benito Mussolini met in Rome on May 3, 1938 to demonstrate their unity of purpose in building new empires. In honor of HitlerÆs arrival, Mussolini and King Victor Emmanuel III transformed a whole section of the city: along a three-mile route from the new railroad to the KingÆs Palace, the ruins of the past were floodlighted to enclose the white pillars with gilded symbols of fascism and Nazism. There were illuminated fountains; huge pylons spouting flames; and wind flags, banners of Germany, of Italy and of Rome, waving in the wind. Research. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1938, American Douglas P. Corrigan was denied permission to fly the Atlantic because authorities were cracking down on stunt flying. But on the evening of July 17, after announcing he would fly to California, Corrigan took off -- and flew east instead. Twenty-eight hours later, he landed in Dublin, climbed from his plane, and asked ôBy the way, where am I?ö Technically, Corrigan was in Ireland without a passport, but the feat was so daring that the Irish welcomed him as a hero. Explanations were unnecessary; Corrigan was idolized in Ireland and the United States. search. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 10, 1938, Howard Hughes and a crew of four took off for a trip around the world in a silver Lockheed named The New York WorldÆs Fair of 1939. Hughes returned to New YorkÆs Bennett Field on July 14, 1938. The new round-the-world record time of three days, 19 hours, 8 minutes, and 10 seconds halved Wiley PostÆs 1933 globe-circling mark. Twenty thousand people were on hand to welcome Hughes and his crew, including New York City Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia. lcomed him as a hero. Explanations were unnecessary; Corrigan was idolized in Ireland and the United States. search. In 1974 his grandson Nelson Rockefeller became U.S. vice-president. hestras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Using alleged discrimination against Germans in Czechoslovakia as an excuse, Adolf Hitler launched a war on Czechoslovakia in 1938. When Britain, France and Russia agreed to back Czechoslovakia, Hitler called for a peace conference in Munich. There, on September 30, 1938, Italian premier Benito Mussolini, FranceÆs Edouard Daladier, and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain signed an agreement granting every one of HitlerÆs wishes regarding Czechoslovakia. After this Munich Pact, Hitler and Chamberlain signed an agreement wherein they promised never to go to war with one another. Six months later, Hitler broke the pact and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Harvard student John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) bade bon voyage to his sisters, 16-year-old Eunice and 19-year-old Rosemary, as they sailed to join their parents in London, in April of 1938. Their father, Joseph P. Kennedy, had been appointed the first Irish Catholic Ambassador to Britain by President Franklin Roosevelt late in 1937. In England, the AmbassadorÆs ebullient and unconventional personality gained him the titles of ôJolly Joe Kennedy,ö and ôthe most pro-British Ambassador the U.S. ever had.ö lain signed an agreement wherein they promised never to go to war with one another. Six months later, Hitler broke the pact and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On November 10, 1938, after the annual celebration of the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, Hitler ordered one of historyÆs worst pogroms (a policy of organized massacre and looting) against German Jews. An official protest by the Catholic Church of the United States, represented by former New York Governor Alfred E. Smith, was jointly broadcast by NBC and CBS. Former President Herbert Hoover and former Republican presidential candidate Alfred M. Landon joined in other nationwide protests against GermanyÆs persecution of racial and religious minorities. ver to go to war with one another. Six months later, Hitler broke the pact and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The American League scored a consolation run in the ninth inning. but bowed to the National League 4-1 in the sixth annual All-Star Game at Crosley Field, Cincinnati in 1938. CincinnatiÆs rookie, 22-year-old Johnny Vander Meer, then a recent hero of two no-hit games, allowed just one hit in three scoreless innings. It was the National LeagueÆs second win, as opposed to four American League victories in the midsummer classic, and it helped subdue critics of the National League. tests against GermanyÆs persecution of racial and religious minorities. ver to go to war with one another. Six months later, Hitler broke the pact and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. A brilliant four-game sweep gave New York Yankee manager Joe McCarthy and his Bronx Bombers their eighth straight series victory over the Cubs, October 5 - 9 1938. Yet this series was touched by a note of sadness: the great career of Lou Gehrig was nearing its end. Lou suffered through a dismal four games, managing only four singles and not driving in a single run. The Cubs used pitchers Bill Lee, Charlie Root, Phil Page, Larry French, Tex Carleton, and Dizzy Dean in the final game, but the Yankees hardly noticed in an easy 8-3 win. us minorities. ver to go to war with one another. Six months later, Hitler broke the pact and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. A record-breaking crowd of 90,000 fans in PasadenaÆs Rose Bowl saw California beat Alabama 13-0. Santa Clara defeated Louisiana State 6-0 before a Sugar Bowl crowd of 45,000 fans. Only 19,000 fans turned out in MiamiÆs new Orange Bowl Stadium to watch Auburn defeat Michigan State 6-0. Unbeaten Colorado University, led by future Supreme Court justice Whizzer White, scored two quick touchdowns -- but it wasnÆt enough to subdue the Rice Owls, who won 28-14 before 37,000 fans in the Cotton Bowl before in Dallas. iced in an easy 8-3 win. us minorities. ver to go to war with one another. Six months later, Hitler broke the pact and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. 48,120 fans turned out for the 1938 Pro Football Championship, held at the Polo Grounds in New York City. After a blocked Green Bay punt early in the first period, Ward Cuff kicked a field goal to give the Giants an early 3-0 lead, but it didnÆt hold up. Tiny EngebretsenÆs field goal gave the Packers a 17-16 lead before Giant quarterback Ed Danowski passed to Hank Soar on the two-yard line. Soar went over for the winning touchdown to give the Giants an exciting 23-17 triumph. Cotton Bowl before in Dallas. iced in an easy 8-3 win. us minorities. ver to go to war with one another. Six months later, Hitler broke the pact and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The hit of the 1938 fashion scene was Evelyn Walsh McLeanÆs display of the Hope Diamond. Originally a 112-carat gem, the diamond was purchased by Jean Baptiste Tavernier from the Kollur Mine in India. During the reign of Louis XV, a 67-carat stone was cut from the original stone. Stolen in 1792 during the revolutionary upheavals, the gem was recut to 44 carats and purchased by Henry Phillip Hope, then acquired by Mrs. McLean. Following her death in 1947, the diamond was acquired by Harry Winston who donated it in 1958 to the Smithsonian Institution. o go to war with one another. Six months later, Hitler broke the pact and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The armies of Nazi Germany swept across the border of Poland in the early morning hours of September 1, 1939, launching World War II. Introducing the Blitzkrieg or ôlightning war,ö the German Luftwaffe destroyed the Polish air forces on the ground, allowing the numerically superior and highly mobile German ground forces to advance unmolested. By September 19, the Poles could no longer offer serious resistance and on September 27 Warsaw capitulated. Britain and France, bound by previous agreements with Poland, declared war against Germany on September 3. go to war with one another. Six months later, Hitler broke the pact and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Louis Lepke, a racketeer and one of the leaders of the so-called Murder, Incorporated ring, was branded by New York District Attorney Thomas Dewey as ôprobably the most dangerous criminal in the U.S.ö Lepke became a pawn in a political game between Republican Dewey and Democratic U.S. Attorney General Frank Murphy. Depressed by DeweyÆs zeal, Lepke turned himself in to J. Edgar Hoover on the promise he would receive a lighter sentence from the Federal Government. Two years of infighting between state and federal authorities ended with Dewey convicting Lepke of murder in 1941, and sending him to the electric chair in 1944. t and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Fulgencio Batista first gained attention in the Cuban revolt of August 12, 1933, when the army overthrew dictator Gerardo Machado. Batista led a subsequent revolution on September 4th and seized power. As Chief of Staff of the Army, he manipulated presidents as virtual puppets. In July 1940, Batista was elected President of Cuba. Batista left Cuba in 1944, but returned in 1952, staged a coup and regained control. He was reelected President in 1954, and ruled over an increasingly corrupt government until January 1, 1959, when Fidel Castro drove him into exile. urder in 1941, and sending him to the electric chair in 1944. t and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Vice President John Nance Garner, Walter Winchell and J. Edgar Hoover met at a White House luncheon on March 15, 1939. Hoover took advantage of the meeting to fingerprint Garner and Winchell; a few days earlier, President Franklin Roosevelt had stated that he thought it was a good idea for everyone to submit voluntarily to fingerprinting. To publicize the effort for universal, voluntary fingerprinting, the prints of the vice president and Mr. Winchell were filed with some 10 million other fingerprints at the Washington FBI headquarters. rove him into exile. urder in 1941, and sending him to the electric chair in 1944. t and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On March 2, 1939, the Sacred College of Cardinals raised Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, papal secretary of state under Pope Pius XI, to the papacy. A few minutes before 5:28 p.m. a small puff of white smoke issued from a chimney over the Sistine Chapel announcing that the church again had a Supreme Pontiff. The new Pope appeared on the balcony and imparted his blessing to the city and the world, while tens of thousands knelt on the hard cobblestones in the square at his feet. 0 million other fingerprints at the Washington FBI headquarters. rove him into exile. urder in 1941, and sending him to the electric chair in 1944. t and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Amid the solemn rejoicings of fellow clergy from many nations, and of the local faithful who filled St. PatrickÆs Cathedral in New York City to its capacity, the Most Reverend Francis Joseph Spellman assumed the stewardship of the Archdiocese of New York. The ceremony took place on May 23, 1939, while a crowd of 50,000 stood patiently outside. In a stately rite, Archbishop Spellman was formally installed in office by the Most Reverend Cicoganani, the Apostolic Delegate to the United States. erprints at the Washington FBI headquarters. rove him into exile. urder in 1941, and sending him to the electric chair in 1944. t and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 23, 1939, the American submarine Squalus failed to surface after a test dive off the U.S. coast. A faulty air-induction valve allowed thousands of gallons of sea water to fill four of the subÆs compartments, drowning 26 men. Thirty-three more officers and crew were trapped in other compartments; 36 terrifying hours later they were rescued by navy ships using an experimental device known as the McCann Rescue Chamber. The Squalus was later raised in a gigantic salvage operation and saw combat in World War II. ton FBI headquarters. rove him into exile. urder in 1941, and sending him to the electric chair in 1944. t and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 1, 1939, 61,000 fans, including New York Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia, jammed Yankee Stadium to pay tribute to the immortal Lou Gehrig. Gehrig had joined the Yankees in 1923 and teamed with other greats like Babe Ruth to lead the Yankees year after year to the crest of the baseball world. When he hung up his glove in 1939, ôThe Iron Horseö had appeared in a record 2,130 consecutive games, had a lifetime batting average of .340 and had almost 2,000 runs batted in. Gehrig was forced into retirement by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (later called Lou GehrigÆs Disease) which killed him on June 2, 1941. c chair in 1944. t and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In one short month, September 1 to September 30, 1939, Poland was crushed by Germany. It was a quick but not an easy victory for the Nazi army. Once the shock had worn off, WarsawÆs underground made life miserable for the ôMaster Race.ö Armed bands sniped at Germans from the hills, derailed trains, and blew up bridges and ammunitions dumps. Guerrillas killed sentries and knifed German officers. In factories, the underground gave go-slow signals, threw sand into machine gears, manufactured dud shells and dropped poison into food being canned for the German army. ease) which killed him on June 2, 1941. c chair in 1944. t and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On June 10, 1939 at Flushing Meadows on Long Island, where the redcoats of George III fought the ragged Continentals, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth reigned for a day over the New York WorldÆs Fair. Earlier, their arrival had been greeted by a crowd of 3.5 million people in New York City. Afterwards, the King and Queen were the guests of President Franklin Roosevelt for an informal weekend at his Hyde Park home. The weekend even included a picnic with hamburgers and hot dogs. ufactured dud shells and dropped poison into food being canned for the German army. ease) which killed him on June 2, 1941. c chair in 1944. t and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The International Golden Gate Exposition opened on February 18, 1939 in San Francisco, California. A glorious spring day greeted the crowd of 100,000, including President Franklin Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor, who attended the opening ceremonies. Governor Culbert Olson opened a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge with a $35,000 bejewelled and inlaid golden key. Governor Olson prayed for peace and said: ôWe are in an atmosphere of peace and goodwill... parading the cultures and wonders of California, the Pacific, the Orient, the South Seas, Latin America, and the robust empire of the West.ö 2, 1941. c chair in 1944. t and World War II began. tras. Goodman died in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The New York WorldÆs Fair opened on April 30, 1939 as 20,000 United States soldiers, sailors, and marines paraded on the fairgrounds along with groups in native costume from Europe, Asia, and South America. President Franklin Roosevelt formally dedicated the fair to the cause of international amity and declared it ôopen to all mankind.ö His remarks were broadcast on television by the National Broadcast Company, inaugurating the first regular TV service in the country. Other Æmiracle productsÆ introduced at the fair included nylon and plastics. Famous physicist Albert Einstein highlighted opening day eve by throwing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Marvels of the future were the focus of the 1939 WorldÆs Fair in New York City. The fair saw the introduction of artificial rubber, Nylon, bakelite, and plastic products in every field from household items to medical equipment. Perhaps the biggest splash was made by television. The National Broadcasting Company carried President Franklin RooseveltÆs introductory remarks -- and announced plans for a weekly service of two evening programs, each one hour long! country. Other Æmiracle productsÆ introduced at the fair included nylon and plastics. Famous physicist Albert Einstein highlighted opening day eve by throwing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1931, Spain convicted King Alfonso of high treason. Military factions under the direction of Generalissimo Francisco Franco launched an armed rebellion in Morocco in 1936. The rebellion soon spread into an all-out civil war, with Hitler and Mussolini supporting Franco in a preview of the Axis alliance of World War II. The Loyalist Forces were mainly untrained civilians who were no match for the professional soldiers of FrancoÆs army. On March 28, 1939, Madrid, the capital of the Republic, surrendered to Franco. Generalissimo Franco became the undisputed ruler of Spain. in highlighted opening day eve by throwing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1938, Northwestern University awarded an ôHonorary Degree of Master of Innuendo and Snappy Comebackö to popular ventriloquistÆs dummy Charlie McCarthy. The citation presented by Dean Ralph Dennis of the UniversityÆs School of Speech read: ôPrince of Parasites, violent in company, churlish in behavior, acid in conversation, wooden-faced in all relationships, and thus is in many respects a typical product of higher education in America.ö McCarthyÆs human associate, Edgar Bergen, looked on as the festivities took place. alissimo Franco became the undisputed ruler of Spain. in highlighted opening day eve by throwing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 1939 Pro Football Championship game, played at the Milwaukee, Wisconsin State Fairgrounds before 32,279 fans, was billed as a tough grudge match. The New York Giants had taken the title from the Green Bay Packers the year before with a 23-17 victory. But the 1939 match turned into a rout as the Packers overcame the cold 35-m.p.h. wind and breezed to a 27-0 victory. It was the first shutout in world championship football history. a.ö McCarthyÆs human associate, Edgar Bergen, looked on as the festivities took place. alissimo Franco became the undisputed ruler of Spain. in highlighted opening day eve by throwing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Babe Dahlgren filled in at first base for the ailing Lou Gehrig, and new star Charlie ôKing Kongö Keller appeared on Yankee turf to lead the New York Yankees to four straight victories in the 1939 baseball World Series. Heller batted .438, drove in six runs, and had three homers, a triple and a double. Frank McCormick led the Cincinnati Reds with a .400 batting average, but had little help from teammates whose errors in the fourth and final game helped the Yankees to three tenth-inning runs and a 7-4 win. s took place. alissimo Franco became the undisputed ruler of Spain. in highlighted opening day eve by throwing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 11, 1939 pitcher Bob Feller relieved Tommy Bridges with one out and the bases loaded in the 1939 baseball All-Star Game. Feller threw just one pitch to get the out and preserve a 3-1 win for the American League. Six New York Yankees filled out the American League lineup; and two of them accounted for two-thirds of the junior leagueÆs runs: George Selkirk banged in one with a single, and Joe DiMaggio blasted a solo home run. Lou Gehrig was absent from the AL lineup, but served as non-playing captain despite his illness. Franco became the undisputed ruler of Spain. in highlighted opening day eve by throwing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The college football bowl games of 1939 included one shutout and another thrilling finish. The favored and unbeaten Volunteers of Tennessee swarmed over Oklahoma 17-0 before a 1939 Orange Bowl crowd of 32,191. Texas Christian scored first and last to upend Carnegie Tech 15-7 in the annual Sugar Bowl, played before 50,000 fans in New Orleans. A single touchdown, coming on a 61-yard drive in the last minute of play, was good enough to vault Southern California over Duke 7-3, before 91,000 frenzied spectators in PasadenaÆs Rose Bowl. anco became the undisputed ruler of Spain. in highlighted opening day eve by throwing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. A 1939 accident at Indianapolis Speedway took the life of the auto racing classicÆs 1938 winner, Floyd Roberts. Roberts crashed on the 108th of the raceÆs 200 laps; the caution flag was kept out for 32 minutes while the track was cleared. With 40 miles to go in the race, Wilbur Shaw made his move and swept to the victory. WilburÆs Maserati averaged 115.035 m.p.h., 2 m.p.h. under the record set in 1938 by Roberts. Ironically, RobertsÆ death was the factor that slowed the other racers down and kept his record intact. Æs Rose Bowl. anco became the undisputed ruler of Spain. in highlighted opening day eve by throwing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The end of the Depression and the good-time music of entertainers like Benny Goodman influenced the fashions of 1939. Night spots and dance clubs were popular, and fashions jitterbugged along with them. A year later the Second World War would change what everyone was wearing.. haw made his move and swept to the victory. WilburÆs Maserati averaged 115.035 m.p.h., 2 m.p.h. under the record set in 1938 by Roberts. Ironically, RobertsÆ death was the factor that slowed the other racers down and kept his record intact. Æs Rose Bowl. anco became the undisputed ruler of Spain. in highlighted opening day eve by throwing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Born in 1879, Leon Trotsky was an early convert to Marxism and played a major role in RussiaÆs 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. As Commissar for foreign affairs under V.I. Lenin, he was the second most powerful man in Russia. After LeninÆs death, Josef Stalin rose to power and eventually succeeded in sending his competitor Trotsky into exile. Trotsky settled near Mexico City in 1937. On August 21, 1940, he died after being stabbed in the head with an alpine pick by assassin Jaime Ramon Hernandez. Although he hung on for over 25 hours following the incident, Trotsky died in the hospital after two brain operations. rowing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Following easy victories in the Low Countries, the German Nazi army launched a massive assault against France in the spring of 1940. 2000 German tanks raced through the countryside, destroying everything that lay ahead of them. With only 65 French divisions matched against 143 German divisions, Paris was doomed. By June 10, the Nazis were within 35 miles of the city, and the next day the French Government declared Paris an open city to save it from total destruction. On June 14, German pincer movements met at the outskirts of Paris, and that night the Nazi swastika flew over the Eiffel Tower. in operations. rowing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On November 7, 1940, Washington stateÆs Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapsed in 40-mile-an-hour winds and plummeted 190 feet into Puget Sound. Two vehicles were lost, but there were no casualties. The three-month-old bridge had been nicknamed ôGalloping Gertieö for its tendency to weave in the wind, the result of a freak condition known as ôharmonic tremor.ö The third-longest suspension bridge in the world at the time, it was built by private contractors financed by the Public Works Administration and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. that night the Nazi swastika flew over the Eiffel Tower. in operations. rowing an electric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. ôIf I were going to attack an opponent,ö Adolf Hitler once said, ôI should suddenly, like a flash of lightning in the night, hurl myself upon the enemy.ö Hitler built a war machine with just such speed and striking power, and in the late 1930Æs he unleashed it on Czechoslovakia and Poland. The defenses of Europe were still arranged on the static models of World War I; blitzkrieg [lightning war] was a wave of destructive terror that annihilated those defenses before resistance could be organized. The Western World soon discovered that HitlerÆs plan included a blitzkrieg through the Netherlands, Belgium and all of Europe. ctric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. By the summer of 1940, England alone remained at war with Germany. After the fall of Dunkirk, Hitler spelled out his terms for peace; but British leader Winston Churchill rejected the FuhrerÆs offer and Englishmen rallied in what became ôtheir finest hour.ö On August 6, 1940, the German Luftwaffe began the first massive air attack on England, and on September 7, 320 German bombers and 600 fighters flew up the Thames to smash London. British losses were staggering. The assault on Britain continued into 1941, when Hitler turned to his Eastern front and invaded Russia. through the Netherlands, Belgium and all of Europe. ctric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. With the unprecedentedly large defeat of 1936 still fresh in delegatesÆ memories, the Republican convention of 1940 was more determined than ever to find a new face and a hard-hitting platform. Thomas E. Dewey, New YorkÆs racket-busting District Attorney, had the backing of Eastern professionals. The ôold guardö favored powerful Ohio senator Robert A. Taft. But Wendell Willkie, a Wall Street lawyer, combined the desired qualities of intellectual and successful businessman. On the 6th ballot the Willkie bandwagon began to roll, and WillkieÆs nomination was finally declared unanimous. therlands, Belgium and all of Europe. ctric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 28th National Convention of the Democratic Party opened with a message from President Roosevelt stating that he had no desire to run for a third term and was releasing delegates pledged to him. Nevertheless, on July 18th, Roosevelt was nominated on the first ballot. The nomination broke new ground: no president in history had served more than two terms, and only two - U.S. Grant and Theodore Roosevelt - had attempted to break the tradition. Both were defeated. By astutely refusing to actively seek a third term, Franklin Roosevelt successfully opened the way for his re-nomination. rlands, Belgium and all of Europe. ctric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At the start of the 1940 Republican presidential campaign, the voting public knew little about Wendell Willkie. A tireless campaigner, Willkie crisscrossed the country for two months, travelling almost 20,000 miles. Despite WillkieÆs personal charm and appeal, Roosevelt was still the dominant figure in the campaign. The President refused to debate Willkie on domestic issues, insisting he could not ôadjourn the Battle of Britain in order to ride the circuitö with a political opponent. The strategy succeeded: FDR whipped Willkie to win a third term. opened the way for his re-nomination. rlands, Belgium and all of Europe. ctric switch to light up the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1940 incumbent Democratic president Franklin Roosevelt announced he would keep himself aloof from ôdirty politicsö as Commander-in-Chief of a country in a war-torn world. While Roosevelt was projecting a global image, other Democratic candidates stumped on domestic issues. Ignoring Republican Wendell WillkieÆs accusations that a third term would make Roosevelt a ôwould-be dictator,ö the Democrats campaigned as if they were running against unpopular former president Herbert Hoover. When the tide seemed to be swinging in WillkieÆs favor, Roosevelt made eight major successful ônon-politicalö speeches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. As a third-term candidate for U.S. President, Franklin Roosevelt was bucking a 151-year-old tradition of two-term presidencies. Yet in October 1940, polls showed that 56% of the voters favored F.D.R. to continue as President. The issue of a third term seemed to pale in the public mind by comparison to Adolf HitlerÆs blitzkrieg through Europe, the Battle of Britain and the alliance of Tokyo, Rome, and Berlin. On election day in November, Roosevelt won 84% of the electoral votes against Republican Wendell WillkieÆs 15%. n WillkieÆs favor, Roosevelt made eight major successful ônon-politicalö speeches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Boston Braves outfielder Max West slammed a three-run home run in the first inning, and five National League pitchers allowed just three base hits, to whitewash the American League by a score of 4-0. 1940 marked the eighth annual All-Star event, held that year at SportsmanÆs Park in St. Louis. In the second inning, hero West was forced to leave the game, as he crashed into the right field wall trying to spear a line drive off the bat of Luke Appling of the Chicago White Sox. es against Republican Wendell WillkieÆs 15%. n WillkieÆs favor, Roosevelt made eight major successful ônon-politicalö speeches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Billy Werber led Cincinnati at bat with .370, but the real star of the 1940 World Series was Reds Coach Jimmie Wilson. When Ernie Lombardi limped out of the series after the first game, Wilson put on the catcherÆs so-called ôtools of ignorance,ö hit .353 and had the only stolen base in the entire series as Cincinnati beat the Detroit Tigers four games to three. In the crucial seventh game, Bobo Newsom was touched for two key doubles by Frank McCormick and Jimmy Ripple, and Billy MyerÆs long fly ball knocked in another run in the seventh inning to give the Reds a 2-1 win and the series victory. eches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In the 1940 college football postseason, Georgia TechÆs razzle-dazzle style of football overwhelmed the Missouri Tigers 21-7 before 36,500 fans in MiamiÆs Orange Bowl. Before 20,000 fans in DallasÆ Cotton Bowl, Clemson scored a touchdown to beat Boston College 6-3. Texas A & M fullback Kimbrough led the Aggies to a 14-13 win over Tulane in the Sugar Bowl. With 92,000 fans roaring, the University of Southern California, leading 7-0, recovered a Tennessee fumble and marched back up field to cement a 14-0 triumph in the Rose Bowl. seventh inning to give the Reds a 2-1 win and the series victory. eches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. December 8, 1940 began as a promising day for Washington Redskin football fans. Sammy Baugh had led their team to a division title with a 9-2 record, and Washington had the home field advantage for the NFL championship game against the Chicago bears. But instead what followed was the most incredible combination of football power, luck, and genius in pro football history. When it was all over, 10 different Bears had scored 11 touchdowns; 6 different players had scored 7 extra points; and the Bears had won by the amazing score of 73-0. h inning to give the Reds a 2-1 win and the series victory. eches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Playing his last professional football game on December 1, 1940, Philadelphia Eagle quarterback Davey OÆBrien filled the air with footballs in a losing effort. Although the Washington Redskins defeated the Eagles by a score of 13-6 to win the Eastern Division Title, it was Little Davey who brought the 25,838 fans in Griffith Stadium to a deafening roar, as he completed a record-breaking 33 passes in his final game. scored 11 touchdowns; 6 different players had scored 7 extra points; and the Bears had won by the amazing score of 73-0. h inning to give the Reds a 2-1 win and the series victory. eches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The demands of World War II brought changes to the world of womenÆs fashion. More practical accessories were designed as many women left the home to replace the men in the workforce. A shortage of certain fabrics, particularly nylon, made hats and stocking less common. Gasoline rationing meant more walking, and thus lowered heels and more practical footwear became popular again. ing 33 passes in his final game. scored 11 touchdowns; 6 different players had scored 7 extra points; and the Bears had won by the amazing score of 73-0. h inning to give the Reds a 2-1 win and the series victory. eches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On January 20, 1941, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, age 58, the first and only president to be elected for a third term, took the oath of office in the East Portico of the Capitol. The oath was administered by Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, as popular first lady Eleanor Roosevelt looked on. An impressive parade followed the inaugural ceremony despite chilly 29-degree weather. Roosevelt was also elected for a fourth term in 1944; however, the Twenty-Second Amendment, ratified in 1951, limited all future presidents to two terms. 3-0. h inning to give the Reds a 2-1 win and the series victory. eches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Two days after a defense agreement between Britain and the U.S. was signed, critics of Franklin RooseveltÆs foreign policy announced formation of the America First Committee. The avowed purpose of the AFC was to keep America out of the war. A leading spokesman for the Committee was American flying hero, Charles A. Lindbergh, Jr. However, public opinion gradually turned against the extremist positions of the Committee and membership dropped. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 mobilized the nation and ended any effectiveness of the America Firsters. win and the series victory. eches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After his defeat in the 1940 Presidential Election, Wendell Willkie had little in common with the professional politicians of the Republican Party, being far more favorably disposed to views of the Democrats regarding foreign policy. After trying to lead reluctant Republicans in Congress toward his views of the international scene, Willkie finally insisted on speaking out. He moved beyond the position even of President Franklin Roosevelt in favoring aid to Britain and urged the outright repeal of neutrality laws. and ended any effectiveness of the America Firsters. win and the series victory. eches while touring the nationÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. From August 9 to 13, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill met in a secret conference off the coast of Newfoundland. Meeting aboard the H.M.S. Prince of Wales, and the U.S. cruiser Augusta, the two leaders formulated a statement of common goals for world affairs. Dubbed the Atlantic Charter, the statement urged measures including renunciation of territorial expansion, freedom of the seas, disarmament of aggressors, and the right of each nation to self-determination. On September 24, it was announced that 15 other nations, including the U.S.S.R., had endorsed the Atlantic Charter. tionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Rudolf Hess was a close friend of Adolf Hitler and, along with Herman Goering, a deputy leader of the Nazi party. Yet Hess stunned the world, and perhaps Hitler as well, by secretly flying to Scotland on May 10, 1941. After being quickly captured, Hess explained that he was on a special mission to reach a settlement between Germany and Britain. The explanation seemed confused, and Hess was held as a prisoner of war by the British until released in 1945 to stand trial at Nuremberg. Sentenced to life imprisonment, Hess later spent many years as the only remaining prisoner at West BerlinÆs Spandau Prison. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Despite signing a peace pact with Josef Stalin in 1939, Adolf Hitler was convinced war between Nazism and Soviet Communism was inevitable. German strategy was to destroy the main force of the Red army as close to the Soviet western border as possible. Hitler attacked on June 22, 1941, and by December German forces were a scant 20 miles from Moscow. But October rains and mud, followed by sub-zero temperatures, stalled the Nazi advance. In 1942, the Soviets launched successful counter-offensives; the Nazi surrender at Stalingrad on February 2, 1943, marked the end of Nazi expansion in WW II. au Prison. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Joseph P. Kennedy, retiring U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain and staunch non-interventionist, cast his lot in 1940 with those urging President Roosevelt to aid the foes of the Axis in the interest of American defense. But Kennedy (father of future president John F. Kennedy) did not believe the emergency was so grave as to warrant the broad powers extended to the president in the Lend-Lease Bill. He felt that authority should instead be shared with Congress. In one of the few defeats of KennedyÆs public career, the Lend-Lease bill became law in 1941. rked the end of Nazi expansion in WW II. au Prison. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Bob Feller, star pitcher for baseballÆs Cleveland Indians, completed 1941 with his third successive 20-win season. But after Pearl Harbor, Feller joined the Army for the duration. He returned to baseball midway in the 1945 season, and eventually compiled a lifetime record of 266-162. After a great 1940 season, when he led the Detroit Tigers to the pennant with a .340 average, Hank Greenberg played 19 games in 1941 before joining the army. He returned in 1945 to lead the Tigers to the pennant. His lifetime average was .313, but he is perhaps best known for having hit 58 homers in the 1938 season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1941, Joe DiMaggio set the all-time consecutive game batting record by hitting safely in 56 consecutive games. The New York Yankee outfielder started his streak on May 15 and continued through July 16. During this period, he went to bat 223 times and made 91 hits, including 15 home runs, 4 triples, and 16 doubles. With a .408 batting average, DiMaggio struck out only 5 times against 42 different pitchers. 1941 before joining the army. He returned in 1945 to lead the Tigers to the pennant. His lifetime average was .313, but he is perhaps best known for having hit 58 homers in the 1938 season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On November 14, 1941, General Hideki TojoÆs special envoy Saburo Kurusu arrived in San Francisco. He was on his way to Washington in what was described as a final effort to maintain peace. Preliminary negotiations began later that month with Secretary of State Cordell Hull in Washington. The final conference took place at the Department of State on December 7, 1941. It was during the course of the meeting that Hull received news of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Tigers to the pennant. His lifetime average was .313, but he is perhaps best known for having hit 58 homers in the 1938 season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On December 7, 1941, with peace negotiations still being conducted in Washington, carrier-borne Japanese airplanes attacked the American naval and air bases at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack was a complete and devastating surprise to American forces. Within two hours, 19 U.S. ships were sunk or severely damaged, including 8 battleships, and 188 planes were destroyed. American military casualties were 2,280 dead and 1,109 wounded; Japanese casualties numbered less than 100. The United States declared war on Japan the following day. erhaps best known for having hit 58 homers in the 1938 season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On December 8, 1941, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress to request a declaration of war against Japan. The request came on the day after the Japanese had executed a devastating sneak attack against American military installations at Pearl Harbor. The Senate voted unanimously for war; the House was unanimous except for Representative Jeannette Rankin of Montana, a devout pacifist who voted ôno.ö War had now truly become world war once again. United States declared war on Japan the following day. erhaps best known for having hit 58 homers in the 1938 season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1941 penicillin became a household word...Gary Cooper won an Oscar for ôSergeant Yorkö and Walt Disney won his 9th cartoon award in 10 years...Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter...the New York Yankees won their 5th World Series in 6 years...gasoline was rationed...the Lend-Lease to the Allies was approved ...the Japanese attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor and the U.S. declared war on Japan ...and Germany and Italy declared war against the United States. For the first time in nearly a quarter-century, American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Trailing by a run, with two on base and two out in the 9th inning of the All-Star Game, Boston Red Sox outfielder Ted Williams hammered a home run to hoist the American League to a 7-5 victory. In their dressing room after the game, jubilant American Leaguers kissed Ted Williams, pulled his ears, slapped him on the head, and almost wrestled him off his stool. The proceeds of the game, played before 54,674 fans at DetroitÆs Briggs Stadium, went to the U.S.O. declared war against the United States. For the first time in nearly a quarter-century, American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. An exciting Brooklyn club brought Dodger fans their first pennant since 1920, and then went on to lose the World Series to the Joe DiMaggio-led Yankees. Bad breaks hurt Leo DurocherÆs Dodgers, including a World Series classic error: in the fourth game, Tommy Henrich swung and missed a third-strike pitch that should have ended the game. But the pitch got away from Dodger catcher Mickey Owen, Henrich ran safely to first base, and the Yankees went on to stage a four-run uprising and win the game 7-4. or the first time in nearly a quarter-century, American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Both the Cotton and Rose bowls saw exciting games in 1941. The Texas Aggies turned back FordhamÆs Rams 13-12 before a crowd of 45,500 in the Cotton Bowl. Earl Smith made a fine catch of a Marion Pugh pass for one touchdown, and later John Kimbrough plunged in from the one-yard line for the second touchdown and a 13-6 Aggie lead. In the Rose Bowl, Stanford swept to its 10th consecutive victory as the school beat Nebraska 21-13 to climb to the top of the college football world. nd win the game 7-4. or the first time in nearly a quarter-century, American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 1941 NFL championship was played two weeks after Pearl Harbor before a tiny crowd of 13,341. There seemed little question that the Western division was tougher, and the Bears were strong favorites to win the game. In the third period, Ward Cuff kicked a 17-yard field goal to tie the score at 9-9, but from then on it was all Bears. Two of the players-Jack Lummis of the Giants and Young Bussey of the Bears-later lost their lives in action during World War II. football world. nd win the game 7-4. or the first time in nearly a quarter-century, American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Trailing by a halftime score of 6-0, Navy exploded two 68-yard touchdown drives in the third period to overhaul Army 14-6. Pressing problems of national defense and foreign policies were temporarily shelved as Washington dignitaries and military leaders mingled among 98,942 other football spectators at PhiladelphiaÆs Municipal Stadium on November 29, 1941. Bill Busick ignited NavyÆs game-winning drives in the third period with his brilliant passing and running. football world. nd win the game 7-4. or the first time in nearly a quarter-century, American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 3, 1941, with jockey Eddie Arcaro in the stirrups, Whirlaway won the Kentucky Derby. Whirlaway set a record time of 2:01 2/5, eclipsing by two-fifths of a second the old mark set by Twenty Grand in 1931. Arcaro steered Whirlaway between contenders at the head of the stretch run, and the champion thoroughbred pulled away to win by three lengths. Warren WrightÆs Calumet Farms gained $61,275 of the total $87,775 purse. his brilliant passing and running. football world. nd win the game 7-4. or the first time in nearly a quarter-century, American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On September 6, 1941, Rosemary La Planche, a 19-year-old, hazel-eyed blonde from Los Angeles, California, was named Miss America of 1941. She came to the contest as Miss California and was chosen Miss Personality before a crowd of 200,000 in the preliminaries at Atlantic City, New Jersey. A crowd of 2,500 viewed the final ceremony as Miss La Planche walked down the runway in her red velvet coronation robe and diamond crown, the traditional tears of the new queen streaming from her eyes. game 7-4. or the first time in nearly a quarter-century, American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In the summer of 1941, Japan cut off silk shipments to the United States due to American resistance to Japanese foreign policy. Since silk was used by the military for powder bags and parachutes, the U.S. government ordered all processing of raw silk for civilian purposes stopped. A government-controlled pool was created to distribute silk in a manner that kept processing plants open and preserved jobs. All exports of silk, except to countries actively resisting aggression, were banned. And at home, silk stockings were scarce for the duration. American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. December 10, 1941, three days after Pearl Harbor was attacked, Lyndon B. Johnson was the first member of the House of Representatives to go on active duty for World War II. Johnson spent seven months as a presidential emissary in Australia, and was decorated with the Silver Star for gallantry under fire when a patrol bomber in which he was flying was crippled by Japanese bullets. In July 1942, Johnson returned to Washington, briefed the President, and publicly urged his fellow Americans to do their best for the war effort. ce for the duration. American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On December 7, 1941, in addition to their attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese launched an invasion of the Philippines and the British colonies of Hong Kong and Malaya. The Japanese met with continuous success and drove steadily toward Singapore. The Japanese army of 200,000 trained jungle fighters moved steadily south, defeating the British in skirmish after skirmish. Singapore surrendered on February 15th, and 85,000 troops became prisoners of the Japanese. It was a humiliating defeat, the largest capitulation in British history. duration. American soldiers spent a Christmas at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 8, 1942, the Japanese landed on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands, and set about building an airstrip from which they would be able to launch attacks against Hawaii. The American high command quickly sent in the Marines, who drove out the Japanese invaders. Six months of brutal combat followed as the Japanese tried to retake Guadalcanal. The Marines beat back the repeated, ferocious Japanese attacks, including constant harassment from the air. Naval fighting was also intense. Finally, on February 9th, American Admiral Halsey was able to declare the island conquered. as at war. season. on. He died in 1987. ionÆs defense projects. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On December 8, 1941, the Japanese attacked American forces on the island of Luzon in the Philippine archipelago. The crippling blow the Japanese had dealt to the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor gave them absolute naval superiority and enabled them to isolate the Bataan peninsula garrison from food and supplies. As U.S. troops were weakened by hunger and disease, the Japanese were constantly reinforced with fresh troops. During the Bataan death march thousands of American troops died. When American General Jonathan Wainwright finally surrendered Corregidor, a tiny island just south of Bataan, the Japanese conquest of the islands was complete. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Following defeat at Stalingrad in 1943, Nazi Germany began a slow, irreversible decline. With huge reserves of manpower, a surprising industrial capacity and lend-lease aid from the United States, the Soviets had the decided advantage over smaller Germany in a war of attrition. The Soviet effort was costly but crucial to allied success: A determined Adolf Hitler was forced to commit nearly 70% of his forces to the Eastern Front and lost over 3 million men there. The Soviets lost at least twice as many soldiers and perhaps 3 million civilians. ered Corregidor, a tiny island just south of Bataan, the Japanese conquest of the islands was complete. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On August 23, 1942, German armies fought their way to the outskirts of the Soviet city of Stalingrad. But here Soviet troops stalled the Nazi advance. General Georgi Zhukov assembled one million men for a counteroffensive against the overconfident, over-extended German forces. On November 19, ZhukovÆs troops went into action, surrounding Stalingrad completely. With no winter uniforms and little food, the Germans were forced to surrender on January 31, 1943, with one pocket of resistance holding out until February 2. The city was a gutted ruin. red Corregidor, a tiny island just south of Bataan, the Japanese conquest of the islands was complete. the fairgrounds. d in 1986. own with 35 bullets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. North Africa was a key battleground early in World War II. Italy launched its first offensive in North Africa in September 1940, only to be driven back by the British. In a lightning 10-day thrust in 1941, German General Erwin Rommel (later known as the ôDesert Foxö) recovered most of North Africa for the Axis. The British Army, now led by Lt. General Bernard Montgomery, returned in October 1942 to defeat Rommel at El Alamein, then chased the Germans 1,400 miles east across the desert to Tripoli, Libya. In February 1943, Rommel lost the Battle of Kasserine Pass. Allied bombing assaults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 7, 1943, the end of the North African campaign came with decisive speed. Bizerte and Tunis fell. The German and Italian contingents disregarded HitlerÆs orders to fight to the last man, threw down their arms and surrendered. The Allies were amazed to see more than a quarter of a million hardbitten enemy desert veterans surrender. At long last the Allies were on the march. Success of the African operation reopened the Mediterranean to the Allies and provided a springboard for the coming assaults on Italy and the Balkans. the Battle of Kasserine Pass. Allied bombing assaults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. World War II provided the first opportunity for military cameramen, with portable motion-picture cameras, to capture on film the terror and exhilaration of battle. Some of the most compelling footage came from the Pacific, where action was fast and furious as American aircraft carriers fought hundreds of battles with the Japanese. nder. At long last the Allies were on the march. Success of the African operation reopened the Mediterranean to the Allies and provided a springboard for the coming assaults on Italy and the Balkans. the Battle of Kasserine Pass. Allied bombing assaults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After the stunning Japanese victory at Pearl Harbor, the military put modified long-range B-25 bombers on a naval aircraft carrier, with Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle in command. On April 1, 1942, 16 crews boarded the carrier Hornet and put to sea, headed for Tokyo. On April 16 the heavy planes took flight. DoolittleÆs force reached the mainland and dropped their bombs on the stunned citizens of Tokyo, then flew on to land in China. The raid did little physical damage to Tokyo, but provided a morale boost to GIs and American civilians. the Battle of Kasserine Pass. Allied bombing assaults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. James H. ôJimmyö Doolittle was an Army flying instructor during World War I. He left the Army in 1930 to work for Shell Oil Company. In 1940, he returned to active duty and won the Congressional Medal of Honor for leading a daring, carrier-launched attack against the Japanese mainland on April 18, 1942. Doolittle directed North African bombing raids against Germany throughout 1944-45; in 1945 Doolittle, now a lieutenant general, moved with his command to Okinawa. After the war, he returned to work for Shell Oil. an civilians. the Battle of Kasserine Pass. Allied bombing assaults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On December 27, 1941, the U.S. initiated rationing to strengthen industry for the war effort. The Office of Price Administration was established on January 30, 1942 to set prices for commodities. Automobile tires, gasoline, dairy products, fat and oils and sugar were among the first goods rationed. Cigarettes and coffee were also rationed and all nylon and silk items, especially stockings, were scarce. Thriving black markets sprang up to meet the demand for commonplace products that the war had made into luxury items. ilians. the Battle of Kasserine Pass. Allied bombing assaults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The German army marched into Paris on June 14, 1940 and the victors took the spoils. Life went on, but Paris became a painted shell for the benefit of HitlerÆs armies. The press was severely censored. Parisians were deprived of fuel and electricity. The Germans executed 29,660 French hostages and 40,000 others died in prisons. The French Underground was eventually mobilized to resist the enemy within France. Paris remained occupied until August 25, 1944, when allied troops arrived to free the city. e into luxury items. ilians. the Battle of Kasserine Pass. Allied bombing assaults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Although an ocean separated New York City from enemy bombers, a city with millions of inhabitants and intricate transportation systems had to be prepared for any emergency. In New YorkÆs first drill on April 30, 1942, Manhattan was blacked out for 20 minutes from Greenwich Village to 124th Street. The first city-wide blackout on June 5 plunged 320 square miles into total darkness. Further drills, led by popular Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia, were held throughout the war to accustom people to the precautions needed for air raids. . the Battle of Kasserine Pass. Allied bombing assaults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. British Commando raids jabbed at the German-held coastline of Europe. One such raid on August 19, 1942, engaged 1,000 British Commandos, and 5,000 Canadians and U.S. Rangers in a surprise assault on the port city of Dieppe, France. Although the landing was a deadly failure -- Allied casualties numbered 3,829 out of 6,000 soldiers taking part -- Winston Churchill later described the action as an important rehearsal for the D-Day invasion of Normandy. The Dieppe landing not only tested the strength of the enemy, but also that of Allied landing tactics. Pass. Allied bombing assaults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On Monday, February 23, 1942, a Japanese submarine fired about 25 shells at the California mainland. The missiles were aimed at the Bankline Oil Refinery on the edge of the Ellwood Oil Field, 12 miles west of Santa Barbara, California. The shelling began soon after 7 p.m. (Pacific War Time) while President Roosevelt was on the radio speaking to the nation. Little damage was caused, but the entire Santa Barbara area was blacked out and some public panic ensued. It was the first attack on the American mainland during World War II. ied landing tactics. Pass. Allied bombing assaults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On February 9, 1942, the gigantic French luxury liner Normandie caught fire when a workmanÆs torch set fire to life preservers. Five trucks and a half-dozen New York fireboats poured so much water onto the ship to combat the fire that the Normandie began to list. The water in the ship later froze and thus it became impossible to pump it dry. Twelve hours after the first alarm, the great liner settled gently on her side. The Normandie, whose owners had sent her to New York when the war began in Europe, was declared surplus and sold for scrap at a fraction of its original value. saults on Bizerta and Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On October 21, 1942, Captain Eddie Rickenbacker and a crew of seven took off from Hawaii. Rickenbacker, AmericaÆs leading fighter ace in World War I, was making an inspection tour of U.S. air bases in the Pacific. But his Flying Fortress bomber became lost and crashed at sea. The party then dispersed in three life boats. The men remained lost at sea for 22 days, surviving on rain water and raw fish. Navy planes finally rescued the planeÆs pilot on November 11th, and Rickenbacker and five others on November 12th. Rickenbacker recounted the ordeal in his book Seven Came Through, published in 1943. nd Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Allied shipping losses in the early years of World War II were so heavy that a flood of new ships were needed to meet wartime transport needs. Rushing to fill the gap was industrialist Henry J. Kaiser. Though he began with no prior experience in shipbuilding, KaiserÆs many innovations enabled him to produce faster and more efficiently than his competitors. By December 1942, the 70 Kaiser shipyards in 40 states turned out an average of one ship every 15.3 hours. Kaiser, hailed by some as a 20th century Paul Bunyan, played a crucial part in the home-front war effort. me Through, published in 1943. nd Tunis began, and by April 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In the fall of 1942 Wendell Willkie, the 1940 Republican candidate for the presidency, toured the Middle East. Upon his return, Willkie gave a nationally-broadcast radio address, on October 26, 1942, which laid out a remarkably accurate view of the future of world politics. Willkie forecasted and supported the march toward civil liberties on a world scale. He predicted the drive towards independence in Asia and Africa. He questioned the infallibility of military experts, and insisted that men of power should be exposed to ôdemocracyÆs greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Businessman Nelson Rockefeller was appointed Coordinator of Inter-American relations in 1940, with the task of overseeing U.S. - South American relations. His biggest triumph was the Brazil Food Pact, signed in Rio de Janeiro in 1942. The pact involved a $5 million dollar campaign for seven states in Brazil, giving them farm implements and other supplies to help make them agriculturally self-sufficient. Within one year, these same states were able to supply foodstuffs to U.S. military and naval bases in Brazil. xposed to ôdemocracyÆs greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In June 1942, German submarines landed eight men on the eastern coast of the United States. Six of the would-be saboteurs were apprehended by the FBI within ten days; the other two were captured four days later. Although the objective of the saboteurs was the disruption of American industrial production, they accomplished no damage before their arrest. On August 8, 1942, six of the saboteurs were executed in the electric chair. The two others, who had given information to the authorities, received terms of life and 30 years in prison. greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Early on the morning of November 29, 1942, 484 persons perished in a fire at the Coconut Grove nightclub in Boston. The club was packed with more than 750 Saturday night customers. A busboy, replacing a lightbulb, lit a match so that he could see better. The match touched off an artificial palm tree; in a matter of seconds, the nightclub was a shrieking, screaming shambles. The disaster was the worst since the Chicago Iroquois Theater fire in 1903. ad given information to the authorities, received terms of life and 30 years in prison. greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Easter Parade fashions of 1942 reflected the sentiments of patriotic crowds as New York City celebrated its first wartime Easter since 1918. Paradoxically, the holiday was one of the cityÆs brightest in years, featuring a crowded Easter Parade on avenues and churches. Many New Yorkers sought escape from war worries in the splash of flowered hats, but there were plenty of vivid reminders of the battles ahead. Chicago Iroquois Theater fire in 1903. ad given information to the authorities, received terms of life and 30 years in prison. greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 2, 1942, Cornelius Warmerdam soared to a new record by pole-vaulting over a crossbar set at 15 feet 6 7/8 inches. Warmerdam set the worldÆs record at a meet in Berkeley, California, using a borrowed bamboo pole. Earlier that same year (February 14, 1942), Warmerdam set the worldÆs indoor record for pole vaulting when he jumped 15 feet 7 1/2 inches at Madison Square Garden. When Warmerdam retired in 1944, he had vaulted 15 feet or higher an unprecedented 43 times. the authorities, received terms of life and 30 years in prison. greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Some feared that baseballÆs 10th annual All-Star Game might be the first to fail to go nine innings. The game suffered a 50-minute rainstorm, and was threatened by a scheduled wartime blackout of New York City. But the game went the full nine innings. A pair of first-inning home runs, one by Lou Boudreau (Cleveland Indians) and a two-run clout by Rudy York (Detroit Tigers) settled the gameÆs outcome: the American League collected its seventh All-Star victory in the first midsummer classic played at twilight. and 30 years in prison. greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 1942 World Series featured perhaps the biggest upset since the Braves topped the Athletics four straight in the 1914 series. This time the St. Louis Cardinals dumped the powerhouse New York Yankees four games to one. The series was a jinx for the men voted the Most Valuable Players in their respective leagues. Yankee Joe Gordon only got two hits for an .095 average. CardinalsÆ pitching ace Mort Cooper was twice knocked out of the box and charged with the lone St. Louis defeat. lassic played at twilight. and 30 years in prison. greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Georgia Bulldogs exploded to a 40-14 lead and emerged with a 40-26 victory before a shirt-sleeve crowd of 35,505 fans in the Orange Bowl at Miami. The rarest of all football plays, the safety, was all that Fordham needed to defeat Missouri by the unusual score of 2-0 in the 8th Annual Sugar Bowl Game in New Orleans. Underdog Oregon State travelled cross-country to end the winning streak of heavily favored Duke 20-16 in a thrilling Rose Bowl on January 1, 1942. The game was held in Durham, North Carolina due to wartime exigencies. greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On December 13, 1942, 36,006 fans in WashingtonÆs Griffith Stadium watched their Redskins try to make amends for 1940Æs crushing 73-0 defeat at the hands of the Chicago Bears. The two top passers of their era led their teams into this game with superb seasonal records: Sid LuckmanÆs Bears were undefeated in 11 games while ôSlinginÆ Sammyö BaughÆs Redskins had won 10 and lost one - a 21-7 defeat to the New York Giants early in the season. This time Washington won the championship, stopping the Bears by a score of 14-8. time exigencies. greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. ôLess was moreö on the fashion front during World War II. Some American designers created special outfits on war-inspired themes; others simply continued as best they could with the materials at hand. Bathing suits were a perfect choice: they could be made of natural fibers like cotton, they were always a popular item, and perhaps most important, they used far less fabric than an evening gown.. the New York Giants early in the season. This time Washington won the championship, stopping the Bears by a score of 14-8. time exigencies. greatest power - the whiplash of public opinion, developed from honest, free discussion.ö 22, the German Air Force ceded control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In the spring of 1942, Japanese Admiral Yamamoto assembled the largest fleet in modern history to mount an attack against American-held Midway Island. YamamotoÆs American counterpart, Admiral Chester Nimitz, could not come close to matching his firepower. But NimitzÆs combat intelligence unit had broken the Japanese codes. U.S. planes thwarted the first and second Japanese attacks; armed with the coded messages, American bombers quickly located and destroyed four of YamamotoÆs aircraft carriers. One U.S. carrier, the Yorktown, was lost. Midway was the first defeat for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On August 1, 1943, a bomber force of 177 American B-24 Liberators took off from Libya to attack the Romanian city of Ploesti, a major railroad hub and oil-refining center. The attacking force met stiff opposition; 54 planes were shot down and 532 airmen killed, captured, or reported missing. But the raid succeeded in destroying more than 40% of PloestiÆs refining capacity. The allies did not risk another attack on the key German facility until the spring of 1944. f YamamotoÆs aircraft carriers. One U.S. carrier, the Yorktown, was lost. Midway was the first defeat for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On November 20, 1943, U.S. Marines landed on tiny Tarawa Atoll as part of the larger effort to take the Gilbert Islands. United States ships pounded the island with 3,000 tons of shells before the landing. But the 5,000 Japanese defenders were sheltered in pillboxes with roofs and walls up to six feet thick. When the Marines hit the beaches, the Japanese poured out. Both sides took heavy losses as the Marines slowly gained a toehold. It took four days and some of the bloodiest fighting in the Pacific theater for the Marines to completely subdue the island. efeat for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Italian mountain town of Cassino served as a key stronghold and observation point for the German army in World War II. On February 15, 1944, the Allies dropped over 450 tons of bombs on the town. The Germans held on despite this assault and continued to repel attacks by British, Canadian, Indian, New Zealand, and U.S. troops. On May 11, the allies launched another barrage followed by a ground assault. Cassino finally fell after seven more days of fierce fighting. By May 25, the Germans were in full retreat up the Italian peninsula. subdue the island. efeat for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In the fall of 1943, the veteran British Eighth Army under General Bernard Montgomery established beachheads on the southern shores of the Italian peninsula. The American Fifth Army, under General Mark Clark, landed farther north at Salerno. Rugged terrain, plus cold rainy weather, turned the routes to Rome into a morass which made heavy going for the allies in months to come. ollowed by a ground assault. Cassino finally fell after seven more days of fierce fighting. By May 25, the Germans were in full retreat up the Italian peninsula. subdue the island. efeat for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On June 4, 1944 at 7:30 p.m., the 88th Division of the U.S. Fifth Army under General Mark Clark marched on the Piazza Venezia in the heart of Rome. Earlier that day Rome had been declared an open city. Allied troops were greeted with cheers accompanied by flowers, fruit, and chianti from a grateful people who had feared the levelling of the Eternal City. ôThe first Axis capital is in our handsö commented President Roosevelt. ôOne up and two to go!ö fierce fighting. By May 25, the Germans were in full retreat up the Italian peninsula. subdue the island. efeat for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1943, thousands of American troops were on the British Isles, training for various operations including the then-top secret D-Day. Clubs and U.S.O. centers were set up for the convenience of the American soldiers. The GIs took advantage of time off from training to see the various sights England had to offer. feared the levelling of the Eternal City. ôThe first Axis capital is in our handsö commented President Roosevelt. ôOne up and two to go!ö fierce fighting. By May 25, the Germans were in full retreat up the Italian peninsula. subdue the island. efeat for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In New York City in 1943, 27-year-old crooner Frank Sinatra broke all records for a solo engagement at the Paramount Theater. On a typical night, 30,000 high school girls shrieked and swooned so much that 400 police and 20 patrol cars had to be summoned to control the mob. Bobby-soxers were on line at the Paramount as early as 7:00 a.m., 90 minutes before the doors opened. Some stayed on at the theater until the early hours of the next morning. go!ö fierce fighting. By May 25, the Germans were in full retreat up the Italian peninsula. subdue the island. efeat for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At Camp LeJeune in North Carolina during World War II, Doberman pinschers and German shepherds were trained by Marines to face ôenemyö fire, swim treacherous rivers, and deliver messages during fighting. Each ôDevil Dogö was assigned two Marines, especially selected for their experience in handling canines. The relationship carried over into combat, where the three partners formed a ôdog unit.ö The dogs, with their acute sense of hearing and smell, gave the soldiers added powers of observation in the field. eat up the Italian peninsula. subdue the island. efeat for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1943 a public flap followed a widespread rumor that President Franklin Roosevelt had sent a navy destroyer to retrieve his dog, Fala, after the pup was supposedly left behind during an inspection tour of the Aleutian Islands. The alleged ômissionö was said to have cost millions of taxpayer dollars. F.D.R., however, denied the rumor and blunted his critics with a brief, witty speech to the nation. ogs, with their acute sense of hearing and smell, gave the soldiers added powers of observation in the field. eat up the Italian peninsula. subdue the island. efeat for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On September 17, 1942, U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor embarked upon a cross-country tour of American wartime facilities. Roosevelt visited arsenals, bomber plants, shipyards, aircraft plants and military installations. In a later speech to the nation, Roosevelt reported that he was struck by the dedication and good spirits of the soldiers and plant workers with whom he came into contact. In his first public discussion of the tour he also spoke out against those military contractors who still refused to hire blacks, women, and older people. t for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Mail to servicemen from home, while vital, took up too much room on Allied cargo planes early in World War II. So in 1942, the Army and the Post Office developed V-Mail -- a system by which letters were reduced to microfilm for shipping. In less than three seconds, a letter could be photographed on a 16mm negative; a 100-foot roll of microfilm contained 1,500 letters. When the rolls reached their destinations, the letters were enlarged to normal size. By the end of hostilities on October 15, 1945, over 500 million pieces of V-Mail had been sent. nd older people. t for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. By early 1943, the civilian population had started its own war effort. Air raid wardens worked at their drills. Tens of thousands of men, women, and teenagers volunteered their time as plane spotters. Women were found working in hospitals, homes, or available empty stores, wrapping rolls of bandages with instructions given by Red Cross volunteers. Children sold war bonds and stamps, and college girls took over farm chores. Even city folks helped by working in Victory gardens, plots of land allotted for growing needed fruits and vegetables. ent. nd older people. t for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1943, Joe DiMaggio, the great Yankee star, left his $50,000-a-year job as the center fielder for the New York club to take a $50-a-month job with Uncle Sam. DiMaggio waived his 3-A draft status (meaning eligible to serve but deferred because of his service to the nation as a baseball player) to join the service. DiMaggio had batted .305 in 1942, the seventh consecutive year he had hit .300 or better. He returned to baseball in 1946 and batted .290 in 132 games that year. plots of land allotted for growing needed fruits and vegetables. ent. nd older people. t for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On September 23, 1943, Eleanor Roosevelt was back in Washington, D.C. after a 25,000-mile voyage to Southwest Pacific battle stations. Mrs. RooseveltÆs days were spent in countless public appearances, long walks through hospital wards, talks with hundreds of wounded servicemen, and inspections of overseas facilities of the Red Cross. Roosevelt, famous for her vitality and warmth, seemed to generate priceless goodwill wherever she went. Upon her return to the States, she immediately began efforts to fulfill promises to the men she had left behind. d older people. t for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. By June 7, 1942, the Japanese had captured Kiska and Attu, westernmost of the Aleutian Islands. American leaders felt it was vital to recapture these islands so they could be used as bases from which to bomb Tokyo. On May 11, 1943, U.S. forces landed on Attu and by May 30, 1943 had recaptured it. On August 15, 1943, a combined American-Canadian force of 34,000 men invaded Kiska, only to discover that the enemy had withdrawn. e went. Upon her return to the States, she immediately began efforts to fulfill promises to the men she had left behind. d older people. t for the Japanese navy in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. During World War II, as tens of thousands of American men enlisted in the armed forces, the domestic labor pool was depleted. Women workers soon began to take the place of men in nearly every phase of war industry. By 1943, more than 2 million women were working in war industries, most of them drawn from the 13 million women who did not have children under 16 years old. The government announced that studies showed women could perform 80 percent of the duties required in the 21 key war industries. The result was not just a wartime victory, but a change in womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 30, 1942, the United States Navy formed a WomenÆs Auxiliary Service called the WAVES (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service). The same year the first female Officer Candidates began at the U.S. Naval Training School in Northampton, Massachusetts; training of enlisted women started in October. WAVES were trained primarily to replace men who could go into combat. They did not serve aboard ship, nor were they allowed to carry arms. The peak strength of the WAVES was reached on July 30, 1945, when 86,000 women were serving with the U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In one 82-day stretch of 1942, Swedish track star Gundar Hagg established new world records for the distances of 1,500 meters, the mile, 2,000 meters, 3,000 meters, two miles, three miles, and 5,000 meters. His best mile in 1942 was 4:04.6 minutes, nearly two full seconds faster than EnglandÆs champion, Sydney Wooderson. Hagg, a fireman in private life, was 6 feet tall, 150 pounds, with a large frame. At age 24, he was generally considered to be a model of running form. AVES was reached on July 30, 1945, when 86,000 women were serving with the U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Mrs. John D. HertzÆs horse Count Fleet, ridden by Johnny Longden, loped to a three-length victory over Blue Swords in the 69th Kentucky Derby on May 6, 1943. After bouncing along with the rest of the field of ten for half a mile, ôThe Countö broke to a gallop for an easy win in 2:04. Only once in the last three-quarters of a mile did Blue Swords come up to challenge. The winnerÆs purse was $60,725. At age 24, he was generally considered to be a model of running form. AVES was reached on July 30, 1945, when 86,000 women were serving with the U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On June 6, 1943, Count Fleet, leading a field of three from end to end, breezed to an easy 30-length victory in the 75th running of New YorkÆs Belmont Stakes. ôThe Count,ö with jockey Johnny Longden up, covered the 1 1/2 miles in 2:28.1; Fairy Manhurst was second. The victory made Count Fleet the first horse in history to win all five Spring Stakes, the Wood Memorial, Kentucky Derby, Preakness, Withers Mile, and Belmont. Owner Mrs. John D. Hertz gained a purse of $35,340 and a place in racing history. 45, when 86,000 women were serving with the U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Football fans took a break from war news to cheer for the bowl teams of 1943. Tennessee end Jim Powell picked off a Tulsa pass late in the New Orleans Sugar Bowl game to preserve a 14-7 Volunteer victory. The Texas Longhorns rambled over Georgia Tech 14-7 at DallasÆ Cotton Bowl. Frank Sinkwich scored a fourth-period touchdown to lead 9-0 Georgia victory over UCLA in PasadenaÆs Rose Bowl. Boston College couldnÆt tackle AlabamaÆs Crimson Tide in MiamiÆs Orange Bowl; the final score was Alabama 37, Boston College 21. women were serving with the U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. 1943 marked the last time that top quarterbacks Sid Luckman and Sammy Baugh would face each other in a title match. It also marked the return to the championship of the great Bronco Nagurski, whom the Chicago Bears had lured from retirement. Unfortunately, Baugh suffered a concussion late in the game that took the Washington Redskins out of contention, as Luckman and the Bears rumbled to a 41-21 victory. uldnÆt tackle AlabamaÆs Crimson Tide in MiamiÆs Orange Bowl; the final score was Alabama 37, Boston College 21. women were serving with the U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. American League power led to a 5-3 victory at the All-Star contest in Philadelphia on July 13, 1943. Red Sox second baseman Bobby Doerr clubbed a three-run homer in the second inning off Cardinal pitcher Mort Cooper. Pirate outfielder Vince DiMaggio was the lone offensive bright spot for the National League, going 3 for 3, including a solo home run. The start of the game was held up for 15 minutes so that a shortwave broadcast could be carried to American troops scattered across the globe. ama 37, Boston College 21. women were serving with the U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The New York Yankees took the 1943 World Series from the St. Louis Cardinals by the same four-game-to-one margin with which the Redbirds had defeated them the previous year. Pitcher Mort Cooper, caught by his brother Walker, led the Cardinals to victory in the second game and St. Louis fans had dreams of once again turning back the Yankees. However, the Yankees, led by the bats of Billy Johnson and Bill Dickey, and by the fine pitching of Spud Chandler, Hank Borowy, and Marius Russo, swept the final three games of the series. serving with the U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 16th Miss America was chosen at the annual beauty pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey in September 1943. The new winner was Jean Bartel who had come to the contest as Miss California. Miss Bartel told the audience, ôOnly in this country, good old America, could a girl be honored like this.ö In the patriotic atmosphere of the times, three businessman purchased $100,000 War Bonds after missing their guesses about the outcome of the contest. They had predicted the winner would be either Miss New Jersey, Miss Tennessee, or Miss Illinois. e U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Winter fashions took a turn to extremes in the winter of 1943. Lips were deep red and sharply lined; eyebrows were carefully defined, and hair pulled back and bobbed. Clothes were straightforward and strong: furs, along with stylized hats and coats, seemed the order of the day. red like this.ö In the patriotic atmosphere of the times, three businessman purchased $100,000 War Bonds after missing their guesses about the outcome of the contest. They had predicted the winner would be either Miss New Jersey, Miss Tennessee, or Miss Illinois. e U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In January of 1944, the Army Air Corps unveiled AmericaÆs first combat jet airplane. The fighter, called the XP-59A, was made by the Bell Aircraft Company with a General Electric-modified Whittle engine By 1944 the XP-59A was relegated to the status of training plane, replaced by the more powerful and efficient Lockheed XP-80. The Lockheed jet tested at speeds of over 500 miles per hour; but neither jet was developed in time to see action in the war. had predicted the winner would be either Miss New Jersey, Miss Tennessee, or Miss Illinois. e U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On January 9, 1945, an American naval armada of 800 ships landed thousands of troops on the Philippine island of Luzon. The troops entered Manila on February 3. On February 16, General Douglas MacArthurÆs forces invaded Corregidor Island, thereby insuring the U.S. Navy of access to Manila Bay. On July 5, General MacArthur announced that the Philippine campaign was officially closed and the islands were liberated. At long last, MacArthur had returned, fulfilling the promise -- ôI shall returnö -- he made when forced to evacuate in 1942. s. e U.S. Navy. womenÆs post-war expectations. in three centuries, and a turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. By December 6, 1943, Allied leaders had selected American General Dwight D. Eisenhower as Commander in Chief for Operation Overlord, the forthcoming invasion of the continent of Europe. Over the next six months, EisenhowerÆs strategic staff targeted the beaches of Normandy, France for the first assault. As planning went forward, the Allies assembled forces including 150,000 men, 1,500 tanks, 5,300 ships and craft, and 12,000 planes. The first 48 hours of the assault would see 107,000 troops, 14,000 vehicles, and 14,500 tons of supplies landed on the target beaches of Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On Tuesday, June 6, 1944 at 3:33 am, General Dwight D. Eisenhower issued an order which began: ôSoldiers, sailors, and airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force: You are about to embark on a great crusade...ö The Allied D-Day invasion of Europe had begun. Before dawn, German coastal defenses at Normandy, France, were attacked by 2,219 Allied aircraft dropping 7,616 tons of bombs in advance of the assault. Six battleships, 2 monitors, 22 cruisers, and 63 destroyers fired on the five beaches; and so began the single largest military landing operation in modern history. ah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The D-Day ground invasion began as Allied soldiers waded onto the beaches of Normandy in the west of France. The beaches were code-named Omaha Utah, Juno Gold and Sword. Allied soldiers were greeted by heavy fire, but all day and all night the Allies poured reinforcements ashore. At Utah, airborne divisions outfought three German divisions but suffered 2,500 casualties. By the end of D-Day, Omaha Beach was cleared, at a cost of 3,000 casualties. At Sword, Juno, and Gold Beaches, the German infantry inflicted 4,000 casualties. The Allies had bought their foothold. y. ah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. When the invasion of Normandy began on June 6, 1944, Hitler was asleep. By the time he awoke, most of the German troops had already been overwhelmed by Allied air attacks. German counterattacks did not begin until the next day, with top German generals divided on how to stop the Allied invasion. Within five days, the Allied forces had landed 16 divisions and seized 80 miles of the Normandy coast. The allies were on the Continent to stay, but the price was high: over 10,000 wounded and 2,132 soldiers dead. ted 4,000 casualties. The Allies had bought their foothold. y. ah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On June 4, 1944, nine months after the first Allied assault on Italy, the 88th Division of the U.S. Fifth Army marched into the Piazza Venezia in the center of Rome. The Allied forces, commanded by Lt. Gen. Mark W. Clark, were greeted with flowers, cheers, and kisses. HitlerÆs headquarters had announced that German troops were ordered to withdraw northwest of Rome. Upon the fall of Rome, President Roosevelt commented, ôThe first Axis capital is in our hands. One up and two to go.ö ,132 soldiers dead. ted 4,000 casualties. The Allies had bought their foothold. y. ah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On August 19th, more than 20,000 members of the F.F.I. (French Forces of the Interior) revolted against the Germans in Paris. American tanks swept toward the capital and halted on the outskirts of the city. There was violent fighting through the streets of Paris between the F.F.I.s and the Germans, requiring further American assistance. On August 25th, the Germans surrendered. After four years of captivity, Paris was free. The delirious celebrations lasted for three days. o go.ö ,132 soldiers dead. ted 4,000 casualties. The Allies had bought their foothold. y. ah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On August 26, 1944, one day after the Germans surrendered Paris, General Charles De Gaulle visited Notre Dame Cathedral. Suddenly, hidden Nazi snipers and Vichy militia opened fire. An eyewitness reported: ôGeneral De Gaulle walked straight ahead into what appeared to be a hail of fire...bullets were pouring about him...he seemed to have an absolute charmed life.ö After a brief ceremony, De Gaulle left the cathedral as calmly as he had entered it. He lit a cigarette, seemingly perfectly relaxed, and drove away - the symbol of the liberation of France. r foothold. y. ah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Shortly after the June, 1944 liberation of Rome, Pope Pius XII blessed gathered American troops with the following words: ôIt is a real joy for us to welcome you all here to the very own home of the Eternal Father of the Christians. You know very well you have experienced now the dangers and uncertainties of life in the midst of war. Make one thing certain that you always keep close to God.ö le left the cathedral as calmly as he had entered it. He lit a cigarette, seemingly perfectly relaxed, and drove away - the symbol of the liberation of France. r foothold. y. ah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Late in World War II, Saipan became the first American objective in the battle to conquer the Mariana Islands of the South Pacific. The initial U.S. invasion of Saipan occurred on June 15, 1944. Resistance was fierce, but American forces secured the island on July 9, 1944. Before U.S. assault troops landed on Kwajalein on January 1, U.S. Navy warships and planes plastered the island, plus Ebeye and Loi islands, with 15,000 tons of high explosives. Hand-to-hand fighting caused 1,516 American casualties, and left 8,122 Japanese dead, before the GIs captured Kwajalein. ah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In a surprise attack on December 16, 1944, an astounding quarter- million German troops struck American lines in the Ardennes forests of France, hoping to split the Allied Armies in two. So began the ôBattle of the Bulge.ö Allied Commander Dwight Eisenhower sent in General George Patton and the 101st Airborne Division as reinforcements. Both sides fought courageously in miserable cold and snow, paying a toll of blood for every hill and roadway. After weeks of intense fighting, the Germans began a retreat on January 12, 1945. Four months later the Allies entered Berlin and the war was over. and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1944, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, and Bob Hope united to sell war bonds at a Hollywood charity golf tournament. While ôThe Croonerö (Crosby) and ôThe Voiceö (Sinatra) harmonized on People Will Say WeÆre In Love, ôThe Noseö (Hope) wisecracked from the flanks. in General George Patton and the 101st Airborne Division as reinforcements. Both sides fought courageously in miserable cold and snow, paying a toll of blood for every hill and roadway. After weeks of intense fighting, the Germans began a retreat on January 12, 1945. Four months later the Allies entered Berlin and the war was over. and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Five weeks after the Allied invasion of Normandy, Paris was still occupied by German troops. Despite the presence of the enemy, Parisians held their traditional Bastille Day celebration on July 14, 1944. For four years, the French Underground had sniped at the Germans, derailed trains, blown up bridges and exploded ammunition dumps. They slowed factory production, manufactured dud shells, sabotaged machinery and cut communication lines. At warÆs end it was estimated that less than 100,000 out of 50 million Frenchmen collaborated with the Nazis. lies entered Berlin and the war was over. and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Hundreds of dead and critically burned persons were pulled from the charred ruins of the main Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey circus tent in Hartford, Conn., on July 6, 1944. More than 8000 spectators had been crowded into the canvas bigtop when the first gust of flame, from an unknown cause, was seen near the main entrance. Despite flames engulfing the tent, the circus band continued playing until the last of the six great center poles toppled, and the last section of the burning big top collapsed. Frenchmen collaborated with the Nazis. lies entered Berlin and the war was over. and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. America was ending its third year of World War II and Roosevelt was running for a fourth term when the 23rd Republican Party Convention commenced in Chicago, Illinois on June 26, 1944. Gallup polls gave 37 percent of the party vote to Thomas Dewey and only 28 percent to Wendell Willkie. When Dewey arrived at the convention on June 28, he was nominated on the first ballot. John Bricker became his vice-presidential nominee. The Republicans took a firm stand against the New Deal concentration of federal power and what they considered to be New Deal wastefulness. rlin and the war was over. and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. When the Democratic Party met in Chicago on July 19, there was no question that President Franklin Roosevelt would be nominated for a 4th term. Conflict centered around the choice of running mate. Liberals and labor unions liked Vice President Henry WallaceÆs support of measures to minimize race segregation; but the same issue alienated Southern Democrats who threatened to withhold electoral votes unless someone else was nominated. On the second ballot, the delegates compromised on Harry S. Truman, a reliable but unprepossessing senator from Missouri. fulness. rlin and the war was over. and Sword beaches. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Army generals Dwight Eisenhower and Douglas MacArthur were considered Franklin RooseveltÆs ôtwo ablest campaignersö in the elections of 1944. Their victories in Europe and the Philippines made headlines and reinforced the incumbentÆs stature as Commander In Chief. Nonetheless, Republican challenger Thomas Dewey gained ground until Roosevelt made six smashing major political speeches in metropolitan New England and the mid-Atlantic states. Touring in an open car despite driving rains, Roosevelt quieted doubts about his health and demonstrated that he had the energy to carry the heavy load of the presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Although Governor Thomas E. Dewey was the strongest Republican campaigner ever to challenge Roosevelt, he was frustrated by a war-induced lack of safe subjects to discuss. Dewey was described as a ôcandidate in search of an issue.ö He was no match for RooseveltÆs magnetic personality and bullÆs-eye gibes. Despite this, he stumped tirelessly and gave the Democrats a scare, drawing 22 million votes to RooseveltÆs 25 million. Statisticians suggested that a shift of only 303,414 votes could have given Dewey an electoral majority. nd demonstrated that he had the energy to carry the heavy load of the presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1944, Congress established a Federal War Ballot Commission to ensure the votes of 8 million servicemen away from home were counted accurately. Georgia became the first state in the union to lower the traditional 21-year-old qualification to 18-year-olds. The 1944 election marked the final defeat of many Republican isolationists and brought to office a number of Republicans with more active world interest. Most vocal of the former group was Republican Connecticut Congresswoman Clare Boothe Luce, a main target of the Roosevelt Administration. Despite White House opposition, Luce was reelected. presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Chicago Cub outfielder Bill ôSwishö Nicholson delivered a pinch-hit double to ignite a four-run rally and lead the National League to a 7-1 victory over the American League in the annual All-Star Game, played in Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, on July 11, 1944. National League pitchers Bucky Walters, Ken Raffensberger and ôRipö Sewell limited the American League to six hits. Raffensberger got credit for the win, but it was ôRipö SewellÆs ôEphusö pitch that most delighted the crowd. an Clare Boothe Luce, a main target of the Roosevelt Administration. Despite White House opposition, Luce was reelected. presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The year 1944 was the first time a city other than Chicago or New York had a World Series featuring two hometown clubs. But the St. Louis Browns, who had won the pennant for the first and only time in their history, couldnÆt match the St. Louis CardinalsÆ talent and went down to defeat, four games to two. The series was marked by superb pitching on both sides and poor fielding on the part of the Browns, who committed an embarrassing 10 errors in the series. ighted the crowd. an Clare Boothe Luce, a main target of the Roosevelt Administration. Despite White House opposition, Luce was reelected. presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On a bright sunny November afternoon at New YorkÆs Yankee Stadium, Army ran up more points in four quarter of football than it had in its 15 previous entire games with Notre Dame. When the dust cleared, the Cadets had humbled the Fighting Irish by a score of 59-0. Led by their excellent backfield of Doc Blanchard, Max Minor, Glenn Davis, and Dale Hall, the Cadets triumphed for their first victory over Notre Dame in 13 years. ssing 10 errors in the series. ighted the crowd. an Clare Boothe Luce, a main target of the Roosevelt Administration. Despite White House opposition, Luce was reelected. presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1944 the Army football squad completed its first unbeaten season since 1916 with a December 2 win over Navy. The score was 23-7. A capacity crowd of 66,639 turned out in BaltimoreÆs Municipal Stadium to watch highly-touted Army backs Glenn Davis, Doc Blanchard, and Dale Hall live up to pre-game expectations. The trio scored ArmyÆs three touchdowns, helped up front by the sturdy blocking of Frank Foldberg, Herschel Fuson, and Barney Poole. the series. ighted the crowd. an Clare Boothe Luce, a main target of the Roosevelt Administration. Despite White House opposition, Luce was reelected. presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. With their 47-39 upset victory over DePaul, St. JohnÆs became the first college basketball team ever to win the National Invitational Tournament two years in succession. Coach Joe LapchickÆs Redmen earned the right to meet pre-tourney favorite DePaul by virtue of surprise victories over Bowling Green and Kentucky. With the outcome of the game still in doubt at six minutes into the second half, DePaulÆs star center, big man George Mikan, fouled out. The Redmen quickly spurted to a 10-point lead and won. target of the Roosevelt Administration. Despite White House opposition, Luce was reelected. presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Hats made all the difference in the ôheadyö fashions of 1944. A delicate bow could finish the outfit for that well-tailored Joan Crawford look; or a floppy fedora might add the touch of Jean Arthur, the silver screenÆs ôgirl next door.ö Either way, hats made the scene complete. s over Bowling Green and Kentucky. With the outcome of the game still in doubt at six minutes into the second half, DePaulÆs star center, big man George Mikan, fouled out. The Redmen quickly spurted to a 10-point lead and won. target of the Roosevelt Administration. Despite White House opposition, Luce was reelected. presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected President of the United States for an unprecedented fourth time in 1944. The 1944 elections were the first time since 1864 that Americans chose a president in the midst of war; most voters apparently decided not to risk a change in such a crucial period. Another factor in RooseveltÆs reelection was the impact of the labor vote. Millions of migrant war workers voted for the man who they felt had lifted them from the relief rolls and made them productive members of society. Harry Truman was elected as RooseveltÆs vice-president. position, Luce was reelected. presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On January 20, 1945, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated for the fourth time in one of the shortest and simplest inaugural ceremonies on record. Only 7,800 invited guests and the 13 Roosevelt grandchildren witnessed the inauguration, which took place on the south portico of the White House, a place seldom used for the ceremony. In his fourth and last inaugural address, Mr. Roosevelt said: ôWe have learned that we cannot live alone...that the only way to have a friend is to be one.ö embers of society. Harry Truman was elected as RooseveltÆs vice-president. position, Luce was reelected. presidency. turning point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 24, 1943 King Victor Emmanuel III ordered the arrest of former Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. Seven weeks after his arrest, supporters rescued Mussolini from his internment quarters in Abruzzi, and took him to northern Italy. There Mussolini attempted to set up a new Nazi-backed Fascist regime. But his days were numbered; Italian partisans caught up with him on April 26, 1945. Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci, attempted to escape but were discovered by a Lt. Col. Valerio, who forced them into a car and shot them. The bodies were brought back to Milan for public display in the Piazza Laretta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. American and Russian forces met on April 25, 1945 at Torgau on the Elbe River, about 75 miles south of Berlin. Advance patrols of the 69th Division of the U.S. Fifth Corps greeted soldiers of the Russian 58th Guards Division commanded by Marshal Ivan Konev. Sensing the end of the war was near, the two groups staged a riotous celebration, with feasting, singing, and dancing. Moscow hailed the Torgau meeting with 24 salvos from 324 guns. Large crowds in New York CityÆs Times Square began their own celebrations. nto a car and shot them. The bodies were brought back to Milan for public display in the Piazza Laretta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill visited Allied front lines early in 1945. One stop on his tour was the Siegfried Line, a German defensive barricade which had given the Allies considerable trouble on their push into Germany. The daring Churchill was always ready to witness front-line activities of the Allied forces. Earlier King George VI had refused to grant Churchill permission to go to France during the Normandy invasion for fear of danger to the great wartime leader. began their own celebrations. nto a car and shot them. The bodies were brought back to Milan for public display in the Piazza Laretta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. When liberating Allied forces entered Germany, they discovered dozens of Nazi extermination camps used throughout the war. Adolf Hitler had hoped to destroy what he considered the ôinferiorö and ôculture-destroyingö people of Europe: Jews, Poles, Gypsies, and other minorities. The Nazis used gas chambers, shootings, hangings, and many other gruesome methods to kill their victims. Over ten million human beings, including six million Jews, disappeared in what later became known as the Holocaust. own celebrations. nto a car and shot them. The bodies were brought back to Milan for public display in the Piazza Laretta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At 3:35 p.m., Central Standard Time, April 12, 1945, Franklin D. Roosevelt died of a cerebral hemorrhage at his Warm Springs, Ga. retreat. He was having his portrait painted when the stroke occurred. Roosevelt had been scheduled to make an important Jefferson Day address, so press secretary Steve Early gave out copies of the never-delivered speech to the reporters on the funeral train from Georgia to Washington. RooseveltÆs last words to the American people were to have been, ôLet us move forward with strong and active faith.ö t them. The bodies were brought back to Milan for public display in the Piazza Laretta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt told Vice President Harry Truman the tragic news on the afternoon of April 12, 1945. ôThe President has passed away,ö she said. ôIs there any way we can help you?ö Shortly after 7:00 p.m., the Trumans, Cabinet members, and other dignitaries assembled in the Cabinet Room, where the dazed Truman sank into a big leather chair. When Chief Justice Harlan Stone entered the room; Truman rose, clasped the Bible; and at 7:09 p.m. was sworn in. Truman became the seventh American to assume office after a presidentÆs death. he bodies were brought back to Milan for public display in the Piazza Laretta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 7, 1945, Germany offered its unconditional surrender. On May 8 the surrender was ratified and confirmed in Berlin, thus ending the war in Europe. ôV-E Dayö was proclaimed that morning by President Truman in a nationwide broadcast to the American people. Nationwide celebrations began, but were mostly tempered by the realization that a grim struggle with Japan still was ahead. tered the room; Truman rose, clasped the Bible; and at 7:09 p.m. was sworn in. Truman became the seventh American to assume office after a presidentÆs death. he bodies were brought back to Milan for public display in the Piazza Laretta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. American soldiers won the island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese through the bloodiest campaign to that date in Marine history. Iwo Jima was subjected to 72 days of air assault; Army, Navy, and Marine flyers worked together to bombard the island fortress. Still the Japanese troops dug in for a suicidal stand. The Marines shed blood for every foot of land they won as the Japanese fought defiantly to the end. Both sides took staggering casualties. By March 16, almost the entire Japanese garrison of 21,000 men had been wiped out. The Marines suffered 6,821 dead and over 20,000 wounded. isplay in the Piazza Laretta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Okinawa Island was the last and bloodiest victory in the American Pacific island campaign. On April 1, 1945, after ten days of naval saturation bombing, U.S. Army troops and Marines landed on the west coast of Okinawa. The Japanese made their stand at the southern end of the island. Furious fighting followed; even after Americans occupied OkinawaÆs capital, the Japanese refused to surrender. As U.S. troops used flame throwers to clean out pockets of resistance, the Japanese committed a series of mass suicides. The Okinawa battle ended June 21; an astonishing 109,629 Japanese and 11,260 Americans were dead. etta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Kamikaze was a Japanese naval organization whose chief membership requirement was the desire to die for the Emperor. Japan had no trouble finding Kamikaze pilots; selection as such a pilot was considered a great personal and national honor. Kamikaze planes were launched conventionally, or from bombers, loaded with explosives in the nose of the craft. The Kamikaze pilot guided his plane directly toward a target and would be himself destroyed in the explosion. Once a pilot entered the plane, there was usually no way to get out -- the planes had no exit doors. 9,629 Japanese and 11,260 Americans were dead. etta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Kamikazes -- a suicide division of the Japanese Navy -- sunk 34 American ships and damaged 368 in the course of World War II. One devastating attack occurred on May 11, 1945, when two Kamikaze planes crashed onto the U.S. aircraft carrier Bunker Hill, killing 373 crew members and injuring 264. During the Luzon operations, almost 2,000 U.S. and Australian navymen were killed by the suicide pilots. One naval survey contended that if the Kamikaze attacks had continued, they could have caused the allies to withdraw from action. -- the planes had no exit doors. 9,629 Japanese and 11,260 Americans were dead. etta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On Pearl Harbor day, December 1941, and for two weeks thereafter, Japanese aircraft relentlessly bombed Hong Kong. When the Colony refused to surrender, the Japanese landed under cover of darkness and shut off the water supply. The British garrison surrendered after a bitter 17-day siege. In September 1945, the British came back. After bombing the Japanese suicide craft in the harbor, naval landing parties came ashore on September 1, and raised the flag. The Japanese formally surrendered to the British on September 16, 1945. on. -- the planes had no exit doors. 9,629 Japanese and 11,260 Americans were dead. etta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 30, 1945, Mrs. Harry Truman christened The Congressional, a Douglas C-54 Hospital Transport. Mrs. Truman hit the plane with the champagne bottle nine times but the bottle wouldnÆt break. An Army officer tried several times, but still the bottle remained intact. Next, a man with a hammer poised underneath the nose of the plane. Mrs. Truman hit the plane but the hammer missed the bottle. Finally, Mrs. Truman hit the plane, the hammer hit and broke the bottle, and the plane was christened. itish on September 16, 1945. on. -- the planes had no exit doors. 9,629 Japanese and 11,260 Americans were dead. etta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Ernie Pyle, writing for 14 million readers in American newspapers, described war from the viewpoint of the foot soldier. He came out of the Okinawa invasion unscathed, only to be shot down a few weeks later by a Japanese machine gunner in a minor skirmish on the small island of Iwo Jima, April 18, 1945. The GIs buried him in their own official field cemetery. In recognition of his services, Ernie Pyle (1900-1945) was the first American civilian to receive the United States Army Bronze Star. itish on September 16, 1945. on. -- the planes had no exit doors. 9,629 Japanese and 11,260 Americans were dead. etta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 28, 1945, an Army B-25 bomber with three men aboard crashed into the Empire State Building, killing 14 people and injuring 26. The twin-engine bomber was flying low in poor visibility weather en route to Newark airport when it plunged through the building on the 34th Street side on two levels - the 78th and 79th floors. Because the accident occurred on a Saturday, a minimum number of people were doing business in the building. An anti-collision system of radio signals has since been installed. September 16, 1945. on. -- the planes had no exit doors. 9,629 Japanese and 11,260 Americans were dead. etta. ing point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 16, 1945, scientists in Alamagordo, New Mexico successfully tested the top-secret new weapon that would finally end World War II: the atomic bomb. Two weeks later, after the Japanese had received and rejected an allied ultimatum demanding unconditional surrender, President Harry S. Truman designated Hiroshima, Japan as the first target. On August 6 the American bomber Enola Gay dropped a single atom bomb on Hiroshima. The blast levelled three-quarters of the cityÆs 6 square miles and killed over 80,000 inhabitants. A second bomb on the city of Nagasaki followed on August 8. Five days later, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At 7:00 p.m. on August 14, 1945, President Harry Truman announced that Japan had surrendered and that the hostilities of World War II had come to an end. Two days of joyous, sometimes delirious celebrations followed, with most factories and offices closed on August 15 and 16. On September 2, formal surrender documents were signed aboard the U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay. President Truman declared that September 2, 1945 was officially V-J Day. three-quarters of the cityÆs 6 square miles and killed over 80,000 inhabitants. A second bomb on the city of Nagasaki followed on August 8. Five days later, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Five days of waiting and public rumors in America followed the first indications of Japanese surrender. When the wait came to an end with President Harry TrumanÆs declaration on August 14, 1945, New York City exploded with an unparalleled demonstration of joy. Police estimated that by 10 oÆclock that night, two million people were in Times Square, while more still poured in by subway, bus, and taxi from all over the city. The merrymakers persevered until dawn and beyond. Whistles, screams, horns, cheers, the clang of fire engines and the wail of police car sirens filled the city. Five days later, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On Sunday, September 2, 1945, exactly 3 years, 8 months, and 25 days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the formal ceremony of the surrender of the Japanese took place aboard the U.S. battleship Missouri, anchored in Tokyo Bay. Nine members of the Japanese delegation, their faces taut, were piped aboard and met by General Douglas MacArthur, American Admiral Chester Nimitz, and other allied leaders. Every available inch of deck space was jammed with Allied troops. At a simple table placed on deck, all parties signed two copies of the official surrender documents. The post-war era had begun. r, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On August 28, 1945, American airborne units landed in Japan. Shortly thereafter the first of 8,000 American prisoners in that area were evacuated. Most of them had been isolated for more than three years. They had not heard of Harry Truman, or Dwight Eisenhower and D-Day, and knew nothing of Allied victories. The terrible conditions and atrocities reported by the prisoners added to the war crimes attributed to the Japanese. More than 4,200 Japanese were convicted of war crimes in three years of post-war trials; 720 were executed. of the official surrender documents. The post-war era had begun. r, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The so-called Berlin Conference was held in Potsdam, Germany from July 17 to August 2, 1945. Leaders from the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union met to discuss the future and to activate the agreement made at Yalta in February 1945. A 6,000-word communique was issued, setting down the terms for conquered Germany. It was from Potsdam that the call for surrender was issued to Japan, and there President Harry Truman made the decision to use the new atomic bomb. imes in three years of post-war trials; 720 were executed. of the official surrender documents. The post-war era had begun. r, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. As industrial plants were converted to supply the Allies with war materials in the early 1940Æs, production of luxury items nearly ceased. Even the giant Ford Motor Company stopped producing civilian passenger cars in February 1942. In July 1945, after the European phase of World War II ended, conversion back to the manufacture of peacetime luxury items began. Henry FordÆs company resumed production of civilian cars on July 3, 1945, announcing that the new models would be more stylish and less expensive than ever. And for the first time televisions began to be mass produced. t-war era had begun. r, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. As spring neared in 1945, the Allies were closing in on Germany from two fronts, and the end of the war in Europe was in sight. The ôBig Threeö - American President Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Josef Stalin - together with their top diplomats and military advisors, met on February 4-12, 1945, at Yalta in the Black Sea province of Crimea. The week-long meeting included discussions of the final problem of the war in the Pacific, and laid the groundwork for postwar settlements. first time televisions began to be mass produced. t-war era had begun. r, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. AmericaÆs victory in World War II was symbolized on September 10, 1945, in the person of General Jonathan M. Wainwright. For three years following his surrender to General Yamashita at Corregidor on May 6, 1942, the commander of American forces in the Philippines saw nothing but Japanese prison camps. He lived in a world of torture, slow starvation, and death far from home. His valiant service at Corregidor earned him the Congressional Medal of Honor. In New York, millions of people lined the streets to roar a heroÆs welcome. first time televisions began to be mass produced. t-war era had begun. r, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On March 25, 1945, the United States, on behalf of the three other sponsoring governments (Republic of China, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom), issued invitations to 47 other signatories of the Declaration of the United Nations, in accordance with the Yalta agreement. The invitation called for an international organization with the objective of maintaining international peace and security through political, economic and social cooperation among its members. The San Francisco Conference convened on April 25, 1945. me. first time televisions began to be mass produced. t-war era had begun. r, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. New York City went on a starvation diet for news when a strike by deliverymen stopped distribution of major New York newspapers beginning June 30, 1945. Stands closed and newspaper offices were swamped by angry, news-hungry readers. Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia read the comic strips over the air for the children who were deprived of their ôfunniesö by the strike. The Mayor stressed the high points and brought the youngsters up to date on the adventures of Dick Tracy. San Francisco Conference convened on April 25, 1945. me. first time televisions began to be mass produced. t-war era had begun. r, Japan capitulated. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On April 11, 1951, President Truman relieved General of the Army Douglas MacArthur of his command in Korea. MacArthur and Truman had long been at odds; the general had even gone so far as to ignore some of TrumanÆs directives. But on his return MacArthur received the greatest ovations ever given an American. In Tokyo, 230,000 wildly cheering Japanese bade him farewell. In Honolulu, another 180,000 worshipers cheered him. In San Francisco, thousands of fans roared as he stepped from his plane, and a half-million San Franciscans attended a parade. In Washington, D.C., MacArthur appeared before more than 500,000 people. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On Thursday, July 25, 1946, the first atomic bomb to be detonated under water was lowered into the Pacific three miles from the island of Bikini. The 30-square-mile target area for the bomb held 75 aging warships and 12 smaller vessels anchored as a guinea-pig fleet to determine the force of the atomic blast. Detonated by remote control, the bomb sank ten of the ships almost immediately; those that witnessed the event dubbed it ôthe most destructive force in history.ö stepped from his plane, and a half-million San Franciscans attended a parade. In Washington, D.C., MacArthur appeared before more than 500,000 people. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Eva Braun was introduced to Adolf Hitler by the owner of the Munich photography shop where she worked. When she became HitlerÆs mistress, she lived at his Berchtesgaden retreat. She passed her time reading novels, swimming, skiing, dancing, and watching films. When the end of the Third Reich was near, Eva Braun joined Hitler in Berlin. On April 29, Hitler and Braun were married by a municipal councilor called into perform the ceremony. On April 30, 1945, Hitler and his bride together took their lives. million San Franciscans attended a parade. In Washington, D.C., MacArthur appeared before more than 500,000 people. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Always a bridesmaid but seldom a bride: the story of the Chicago Cubs. In the 1945 Series, the Cubs made their 10th World Series appearance and lost for the seventh time in a row. The TigersÆ only previous series triumph was against the Cubs in 1935. Claude Passeau of the Cubs pitched a masterpiece in the third game, as he held the Tigers to no runs and only one hit, a single by Rudy York in the second inning. Hank Borowy also pitched well, shutting out Detroit in the opening game. But the Tigers won the series, four games to three. a parade. In Washington, D.C., MacArthur appeared before more than 500,000 people. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Among the wonders of the war years were two men who overcame serious physical handicaps to play professional baseball. Pete Gray had only one arm but, incredibly, managed to hit .218 in 77 games for the 1945 St. Louis Browns. Gray also served as a solid outfielder. Bert Shepard had an artificial leg but he still managed to make the 1945 Washington Senators ballclub and play in one major league ball game. ing. Hank Borowy also pitched well, shutting out Detroit in the opening game. But the Tigers won the series, four games to three. a parade. In Washington, D.C., MacArthur appeared before more than 500,000 people. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. With a 14-point burst in the opening period, Tulsa upset Georgia Tech in MiamiÆs Orange Bowl by a score of 26-12. Thirty thousand sun-drenched fans were treated to a 90-yard kickoff return by Tulsa fullback Camp Wilson in the third period. The play followed TechÆs first touchdown march, paced by the passing of Frank Broyles. On the other coast in PasadenaÆs Rose Bowl, the undefeated Trojans of Southern California battered the previously undefeated Volunteers of Tennessee by a score of 25-0 before 91,000 fans. s, four games to three. a parade. In Washington, D.C., MacArthur appeared before more than 500,000 people. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. An amazing total of 32,178 fans turned out for this game in Cleveland, Ohio, on December 16, 1945, a day so cold that the musical instruments of the famous Redskin band froze. Cleveland, led by coach Adam Walsh, had defeated both the Bears and the powerhouse Packers twice during the regular season, and the Cleveland fans were anxious for a win over the many-times champion Redskins. They got the victory, but lost the Rams, who moved to Los Angeles for the 1946 season. see by a score of 25-0 before 91,000 fans. s, four games to three. a parade. In Washington, D.C., MacArthur appeared before more than 500,000 people. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The popular womenÆs hats of 1944 took a twist in 1945: the well-dressed woman was suddenly more likely to be seen in a hat worn by Bogart than Bergman. MenÆs hats - fedoras, porkpies, even homburgs - were the rage for women. And with so many soldiers overseas, menÆs hatmakers were just glad someone was buying their product. nxious for a win over the many-times champion Redskins. They got the victory, but lost the Rams, who moved to Los Angeles for the 1946 season. see by a score of 25-0 before 91,000 fans. s, four games to three. a parade. In Washington, D.C., MacArthur appeared before more than 500,000 people. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. An international tribunal to try 28 Japanese war leaders was established on January 19, 1946, by General Douglas MacArthur. After almost three years of listening to evidence, the Tokyo Tribunal for trials of major Japanese war criminals announced their convictions on November 12, 1948. Two of the defendants had died in the course of the trial, one was dismissed for mental illness, but 25 were sentenced. Seven, including JapanÆs former war minister and premier Hideki Tojo, were hanged. 16 others were given life sentences; and two received long prison terms. , D.C., MacArthur appeared before more than 500,000 people. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The victorious Allies of World War II felt that genocide and other atrocities committed by German leaders were crimes too terrible to be excused as simple products of war. An agreement was signed on August 8, 1945, to bring the Nazi leaders to trial. On August 29, the international committee of chief prosecutors indicted 24 Nazi leaders, including Rudolph Hess and the infamous Hermann Goering. On October 18, 1945, a 24,000-word indictment against six German organizations, 24 of HitlerÆs Nazi hierarchy, and the German military and naval command was presented to the Tribunal. r appeared before more than 500,000 people. point in the war in the Pacific. control of the air to the Allies. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The so-called Nuremberg Trials took place from August 1945 to April 1949 in Germany. The defendants faced a host of charges including murder, enslavement, looting and initiating a war of aggression. About 200 German military and SS leaders, industrialists, government officials, and doctors were tried. A few were sentenced to death, and many more received prison terms. The death sentences were carried out on October 16, 1946; top Nazi Hermann Goering committed suicide two hours before he was to be hanged. None of the criminals sentenced to prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 7, 1946, Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini was canonized by Eugenio Pacelli, Pope Pius XII. Cabrini was the first American citizen to be selected for sainthood. At the age of 30, Mother Cabrini founded the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Nine years later, she came to the United States from Italy. She lived in New York City and Chicago, founding Columbus Hospital in both cities. Mother Cabrini became an American citizen in 1909. She died on December 22, 1917. ore he was to be hanged. None of the criminals sentenced to prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In accordance with the decision reached at the San Francisco Conference on International Organization on June 26, 1945, the first general assembly meeting of the U.N. was held in London on January 10, 1946, in the Central Hall of Westminster. At the opening meeting, Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian foreign minister, was elected the first president of the Assembly. The welcoming address was given by BritainÆs Prime Minister Clement Attlee. On February 14, 1946, the assembly agreed the United Nations would be permanently headquartered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In one of the worst fire disasters in American history, the 15-story Winecoff Hotel in the heart of downtown Atlanta, Georgia, was destroyed on December 7, 1946. The toll was estimated at 119 dead and scores injured, with at least 25 or 30 who lost their lives by leaping from windows of the flaming building. Investigators later discovered that the hotel, regarded as one of the cityÆs major establishments, lacked fire escapes and had no emergency exits. he assembly agreed the United Nations would be permanently headquartered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On September 7, 1944, the German began using a rocket-propelled, V-2, guided missile. It was produced under the direction of Count Wernher von Braun, who after the war came to the United States as technical adviser to the Army. Eager to continue their own rocket program, American officials overlooked Von BraunÆs past Nazi connections. Von BraunÆs early interest in travel to the moon had led him into the field of rocket propulsion; he later joined NASA in 1958. Von Braun died on June 16, 1977 in Alexandria, Virginia. artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. A 1911 Cadillac led a parade of more than 200 antique vehicles dating back to 1896, in a celebration of the Golden Jubilee of the Automobile Industry, on June 1, 1946. Detroit, the motor car capital of the world, was a fur-trading post in the 18th century; it was founded by the Frenchman Cadillac in 1701. In 1900, the city had only 285,704 people. However, with the motor car industry in the 1950s, Detroit grew to become one of the largest cities in the U.S. . Von Braun died on June 16, 1977 in Alexandria, Virginia. artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1946, Jorge Pasquel of Mexico shook up the world of baseball with a $60 million bankroll. He used cold, hard cash to lure many American big-leaguers to his new Mexican league. American baseball commissioner ôHappyö Chandler warned all contract-jumpers that they would be banned from organized ball in the U.S. for five years, but dozens ignored the warning. PasquelÆs money was not enough to establish major league ball in Mexico; the attempt failed. Commissioner Chandler declared a general amnesty in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. When the harbor boat pulled away from the pier at Camp Shanks, N.Y. on July 22, 1946, with 1,388 German prisoners of war, Colonel Harry W. Maas uttered a fervent ôThank God, that is over!ö He referred to the embarkation of the last of his contingent of 292,000 Germans, who had been held without the loss of a single prisoner. 14 months after V-E Day, only 300 of 435,788 German prisoners remained in the U.S.: hospital patients, men serving prison terms, and 28 German and 15 Italian fugitives. amnesty in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The nationÆs two top elevens, Army and Notre Dame, put on a crunching display of defensive power in New York on November 9, 1946. The Yankee Stadium crowd of 74,000 came expecting offensive fireworks; but after 60 minutes of football, neither team had penetrated the goal line. Offensive stars like Doc Blanchard and Glenn Davis of the Army, and Notre DameÆs Johnny Lujack and Terry Brennan, found themselves stopped time and time again. ing prison terms, and 28 German and 15 Italian fugitives. amnesty in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Boston Red Sox outfielder Ted Williams, playing before the hometown fans in Fenway Park, ripped two tremendous home runs, and accounted for five runs batted in, as he led the American League to a 12-0 pasting of the National League on July 9, 1946. It was the most decisive win recorded in the 13 All-Star Games played to that time. Pitchers Bob Feller, Hal Newhouser, and Jack Kramer limited the National League to just three hits, all of them singles. and 28 German and 15 Italian fugitives. amnesty in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The St. Louis Cardinals maintained their record of never losing a World Series that went the full limit, as they outlasted the Boston Red Sox in a thrilling seventh game by a 4-3 score. Ted Williams had an uncharacteristically poor series, batting only .200 with five hits, but Bobby Doerr led the Red Sox with a .409 batting average. Harry Walker paced the winning Cardinals with a high average of .412. The winning pitcher was Harry Brecheen who captured three of the four Redbird wins. tives. amnesty in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Starting the game as 11 1/2 point underdogs to powerhouse Kentucky, tiny Rhode Island State came away without a victory, but with the admiration of 18,475 frenzied fans, at New YorkÆs Madison Square Garden on March 20, 1946. Leading the NIT Championship at the half by a point, the Rams preserved the slim margin until the final few seconds only to lose 46-45. The deciding point was scored on a foul shot by KentuckyÆs Ralph Beard with 40 seconds remaining. ee of the four Redbird wins. tives. amnesty in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. King RanchÆs Assault, ridden by Warren Mehrtens, and established as fourth choice in the wagering at better than 8-1, came winging down the stretch and flashed under the wire for an 8-length victory over Spy Song in the 72nd Kentucky Derby. Mehrtens, who had held Assault in the middle of the pack, took to his whip moving into the stretch, and soon the Texas-bred colt opened an advantage that widened to the wire. $96,400 of the $124,450 purse went to the winner. he four Redbird wins. tives. amnesty in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. There was no stopping the Crimson Tide of Alabama on January 1, 1946 at the 57th Annual Tournament of Roses football game. Led by brilliant 19-year-old quarterback Harry Gilmer, the team ran all over Southern CaliforniaÆs Trojans by a score of 34-14. Gilmer was magnificent as he passed and ran the competition into the ground and directed an Alabama attack that was as powerful as anything seen in the Rose Bowl in years. f the $124,450 purse went to the winner. he four Redbird wins. tives. amnesty in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The New York Giants received a shock just before the 1946 title game: two of its players were being questioned regarding a bribe attempt. Merle Hapes was banished from pro football, but Frank Filchock was allowed to play in the title game. The Giants fought a valiant battle, but Sid Luckman of the Chicago Bears stole the show. In the fourth period, Luckman won the game by scoring the clinching touchdown on a bootleg play. the $124,450 purse went to the winner. he four Redbird wins. tives. amnesty in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Trailing by three points and just three yards away from victory, the clock ran out on the Navy before 102,000 frantic spectators in PhiladelphiaÆs Municipal Stadium on November 9, 1946. Army held on for a 21-18 victory in the annual grudge match. The Cadets, an overwhelming 28-point favorite, led at halftime 21-6 before Navy made a second-half charge. On the final drive, two attempted line bucks; a five-yard delay-of-game penalty; and a failed lateral ended the game for Navy and sealed ArmyÆs win. in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In October of 1946, the St. Louis Cardinals and Brooklyn Dodgers met in a two-out-of-three game series for the National League Championship. In the play-off series, St. Louis won the first game in St. Louis 4-2. Then the teams returned to Brooklyn for the crucial second contest. Although the Dodgers had the support of their traditionally enthusiastic fans, the St. Louis club won game two by an 8-4 score and went on to defeat the Boston Red Sox in the World Series. e for Navy and sealed ArmyÆs win. in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. A burst of color breezed in the door as wartime restrictions went out the window in 1946. Designers turned whimsical, even playful. Silk was finally available again, and scarves became one of the hottest items of the day. Scarves showed up with matching blouses, as sashes, even with evening gowns. had the support of their traditionally enthusiastic fans, the St. Louis club won game two by an 8-4 score and went on to defeat the Boston Red Sox in the World Series. e for Navy and sealed ArmyÆs win. in June 1949. . artered in New York. o prison terms served a full sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Manager Leo Durocher of the Brooklyn Dodgers began 1947 by clashing with baseballÆs top brass during spring training and receiving a one-year suspension from baseball. But even the Durocher story was topped by the spectacular arrival of Jackie Robinson. Robinson became the first black major leaguer in modern baseball history when he joined the Dodgers in 1947. Despite taunts and a great deal of abuse, Robinson batted .296 and won ôRookie of the Yearö honors as he led the Dodgers to the pennant. He went on to a great career and a place in baseballÆs Hall of Fame. ull sentence, with the exception of Rudolf Hess, who died in 1987 after 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Washington, D.C. was gripped by anti-Communist paranoia in the late 1940s. In 1947 the House Un-American Activities Committee subpoenaed prominent filmmakers, including stars like Gary Cooper and Ronald Reagan, to appear at hearings on a supposed communist conspiracy in Hollywood. The Committee (including future President Richard Nixon) interrogated the filmmakers about their political leanings and encouraged them to name others who might be ôRedsö or ôfellow-travellers.ö On December 5, 1947, 10 film writers and executives were formally indicted for contempt of Congress; all had refused to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Alfonso Capone, born in 1899 in Italy, was the undisputed American gang leader of the 1920s. Through his crime syndicate he controlled, and terrorized, Chicago. A delegation of citizens pressured President Hoover for action against lawlessness in Chicago, and Al Capone was finally arrested and found guilty of income tax irregularities in October of 1931. CaponeÆs 11-year term at Alcatraz Prison was eventually reduced and he was released in 1939. By then a sick and weakened man, Capone returned to Miami Beach, Florida, where he died of syphilis at the age of 48. gress; all had refused to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Tucker Torpedo, unveiled in 1947, was a radical new car design: it had no transmission, no driveshaft, no rear axles, and a rear-mounted engine that got 35 miles per gallon. But company founder Preston Tucker ran afoul of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) before stock had even been sold. Further financial problems and government investigations hampered the corporationÆs efforts. In 1949, a Federal grand jury indicted Tucker and seven associates on 31 counts of mail fraud, conspiracy, and violation of SEC laws. They were acquitted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On April 27, 1947, Babe Ruth, his throat filled with the cancer that was to take his life, stepped to the microphone in Yankee Stadium. Ruth spoke the following words to the crowd that had gathered to pay him homage: ôThank you very much, ladies and gentlemen. You know how bad my voice sounds. Well, it feels just as bad...there have been some lovely things said about me, and IÆm glad to have the opportunity to thank you.ö Ruth died that year on August 16. on 31 counts of mail fraud, conspiracy, and violation of SEC laws. They were acquitted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On September 16, 1947, John Cobb of England set a new world land-speed record of 394.2 m.p.h. on UtahÆs Bonneville Salt Flats. Cobb, a London fur merchant, drove his 24-cylinder Railton Mobile Special ôThunderboltö over two measured miles at a stunning average speed of 394.196 m.p.h. On his first run, heading south, Cobb whizzed past timing wires at 385.645 m.p.h. On his second run, heading north, Cobb went even faster to establish the record of 403.135 m.p.h. n 31 counts of mail fraud, conspiracy, and violation of SEC laws. They were acquitted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The name of Kon-Tiki, an ancient Peruvian sun god, was given to the raft used by Thor Heyerdahl for his 1947 expedition. Heyerdahl believed that prehistoric Peruvians could have reached distant Pacific regions by raft, and set out to follow the route he believed they would have taken. The six members of the expedition set sail on a primitive raft from Calao Harbor, Peru, on April 29, 1947, and travelled at an average speed of 42 1/2 miles per day. Heyerdahl found success when the Kon-Tiki reached the Tuamotu Archipelago on August 7, 1947. tted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On April 16, 1947, a freighter exploded in the harbor of Texas City, Texas, causing an enormous fire that raged for three days. The blaze, which ignited the docks and oil tanks in the vicinity, killed 561 and injured close to 2,500 people; damage was estimated at more than $50 million. The cargo of the French Line Grandcamp, containing fertilizer (ammonium nitrate), was first to explode; 41 of her 44-man crew were killed. The blast was so intense that buildings shook 160 miles away. -Tiki reached the Tuamotu Archipelago on August 7, 1947. tted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Man OÆWar made his first start as a two-year-old at Belmont on June 6, 1919 and won. His only loss in 21 starts came when Upset beat him in the Sanford Stakes at Saratoga on August 13, 1919. After his retirement in 1921, Man OÆWar sired many famous racing horses. The big red stallion died of a heart attack on November 1, 1947, at Faraway Farm in the meadow country where he had spent most of his 30 years. rew were killed. The blast was so intense that buildings shook 160 miles away. -Tiki reached the Tuamotu Archipelago on August 7, 1947. tted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Four American League hurlers - Hal Newhouser, Frank Shea, Walter Masterson, and Joe Page - limited the National League to just one run, a home run by Johnny Mize, and five hits in a 2-1 victory at ChicagoÆs Wrigley Field on July 8, 1947. It was the 10th victory in 14 All-Star Games for the American League. Pinch hitter Stan Spence drove in Bobby Doerr with the winning run on a 7th-inning single for the American League stars. blast was so intense that buildings shook 160 miles away. -Tiki reached the Tuamotu Archipelago on August 7, 1947. tted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Two moments in this series are unforgettable. One came in the fourth game, when Yankee pitcher Floyd BevensÆ no-hitter was ruined with two out in the ninth inning by the pinch-hit double of Dodger Cookie Lavagetto. The other moment came in the sixth game, when Dodger Al Gionfrido took a sure home run away from Joe DiMaggio with a leaping grab in center field. Despite the great Brooklyn plays, the Yankees pulled out a 5-2 seventh game victory. nse that buildings shook 160 miles away. -Tiki reached the Tuamotu Archipelago on August 7, 1947. tted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Rice Owls shut out the Tennessee Volunteers in the Orange Bowl before 36,152 fans in Miami. The Arkansas defense stalled Louisiana State to gain a scoreless tie before 38,000 fans in DallasÆ Cotton Bowl. The Georgia Bulldogs overtook the Tar-Heels of North Carolina by a score of 20-10, before 73,000 fans at the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans. And in the Rose Bowl, IllinoisÆ ôPony Backs,ö routed UCLA 45-14 before 90,000 fans. h game victory. nse that buildings shook 160 miles away. -Tiki reached the Tuamotu Archipelago on August 7, 1947. tted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Notre Dame left halfback Terry Brennan gathered in the opening kickoff and raced 97 yards down the sideline for a touchdown. It was the first of four Irish touchdowns, as Notre Dame defeated Army by a 27-7 margin. Some 59,191 fans turned out to see an aerial show from Notre Dame quarterbacks Johnny Lujack and Frank Tripuka, but instead saw a devastating ground game with the hard running of Brennan and Steve Sitko. This game, on November 7, 1947, was announced as the last annual meeting of Army and Notre Dame on the gridiron. ugust 7, 1947. tted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. A crowd of 101,500 fans, including President Truman and many of the nationÆs military leaders, filled PhiladelphiaÆs Municipal Stadium to watch Army shut out the Navy 21-0 in the 48th interservice classic on November 29, 1947. Army wasted no time in capitalizing on a Navy fumble, sweeping 55 yards to a touchdown, and when end Bill Kellum took Rip RowanÆs 18-yard scoring pass, the Cadets had all the points they needed to win. n November 7, 1947, was announced as the last annual meeting of Army and Notre Dame on the gridiron. ugust 7, 1947. tted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. During World War II, fashions for American women were dictated largely by Government Regulation L-85. They were limited to two inches of hem, one patch pocket per blouse and no skirt more than 72 inches around. Clothes were spartan and skirts were short. In 1945, designer Christian Dior introduced the ôNew Look,ö intended to enhance the female figure and encourage women to invest in entirely new wardrobes. Initial reactions were negative, but by Easter the New Look was simply ôThe Lookö in American fashion. the gridiron. ugust 7, 1947. tted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On May 15, 1948, South Koreans formed the Republic of Korea. American and Soviet negotiators at the Potsdam Conference of July 1945 had designated the 38th parallel of latitude as the line dividing the Soviet and American forces on the Korean peninsula. The Soviet military encouraged Socialists and Communists in the northern sector to organize; they formed the PeopleÆs Democratic Republic of Korea on May 1, 1948. The South chose Syngman Rhee as its first president; he retained the post until forced to resign in 1960. iron. ugust 7, 1947. tted, but by then the Torpedo had fizzled. to reveal whether or not they were communists. 20 years as the sole inhabitant of Spandau Prison. es. llets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On August 3, 1948, Whittaker Chambers, a Time magazine editor and confessed former communist courier, swore that his close friend Alger Hiss had also been a spy. Hiss, a former State Department officer, secretary to Supreme Court Justice Holmes, and advisor to Franklin D. Roosevelt at Yalta, categorically denied the charges. Despite his credentials, and amid a bizarre atmosphere of suspicion and anti-Communist fears, Hiss was hounded by Congressional conservatives. They included future president Richard Nixon, who made a name for himself in the incident. On January 25, 1950, after two trials, a jury found Hiss guilty of two counts of perjury, and he was sentenced to five years in prison. lets from a submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. As early as 1897 there had been those who hoped to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine. At the end of November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly approved a plan to partition Palestine into two independent states within one year. The Arab State, as it was called, would have 4,500 square miles; the Jewish State would have 7,800 square miles. Jerusalem would be 289 square miles and administered separately by the United Nations. Although surrounding Arab nations were bitterly opposed to the plan, when the controlling British forces evacuated on May 14, 1948, Jewish colonists led by David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the nation of Israel. The United States recognized the new nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After World War II, the Ku Klux Klan began to reappear on the American scene. Klan targets included civil rights legislation, Jewish shopkeepers, trade unionists, and what the Klan called a ôblack invasion of the voting booth.ö At highly publicized Klan initiation ceremonies on December 10, 1948, KKK Grand Dragon Samuel Green claimed that the Klan concept was one of Christianity and constitutionality. Former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt took immediate exception to GreenÆs statements. In a radio broadcast, she denied that the Klan was in any way an upholder of the constitution or of Christianity, and condemned the Klan for preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At a Tory party conference on October 9, 1948, in Caernarvon, Wales, Winston Churchill took the floor to spell out what he considered the foundation of world peace. Replying to the suggestion that atomic energy be internationalized and its military use outlawed, Churchill made an eloquent plea for continued U.S. trusteeship of the atom bomb. Churchill said that since the United Nations was ineffective and he saw no chance of friendly settlement with the Soviets; the ôonly sure foundation of peace and the prevention of actual war rests in strength.ö pholder of the constitution or of Christianity, and condemned the Klan for preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. After a lapse of 12 war-torn years, the Olympic Games resumed in London in 1948. 84,000 spectators turned out to see the King George VI open the games in Empire Stadium at Wembley on July 29. The crowd was treated to a fine display of British pageantry and a not-so-fine display of British weather - fog, mist, and rain. Despite the weather, the games were considered a great success. s was ineffective and he saw no chance of friendly settlement with the Soviets; the ôonly sure foundation of peace and the prevention of actual war rests in strength.ö pholder of the constitution or of Christianity, and condemned the Klan for preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At Wembley pool, American swimming and diving stars put on a spectacular show. Bruce Harlan, Miller Anderson, and Sammy Lee swept the first three places in menÆs 3-meter diving. Three California women - Vickie Draves, Zoe Ann Olsen and Patricia Elsener - scored another triple sweep in the springboard diving event. Ann Curtis, AmericaÆs fastest woman swimmer, was edged out by DenmarkÆs Greta Anderson in the 100-meter free style. Wally Ris of the University of Iowa won the menÆs 100-meter free style race. revention of actual war rests in strength.ö pholder of the constitution or of Christianity, and condemned the Klan for preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The first child born to Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, on November 14, 1948, was christened Charles Philip Arthur George by the Archbishop of Canterbury. The childÆs official title - H.R.H. Prince Charles of Edinburgh - was shortened to ôBonny Prince Charlieö by many enthusiastic citizens. The ceremony took place on December 15, 1948, in the fifth floor music room of Buckingham Palace, which was turned into a chapel banked with flowers. Charles was baptized in a silver lily font first made for Queen Victoria. strength.ö pholder of the constitution or of Christianity, and condemned the Klan for preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On April 20, 1948, Walter P. Reuther, president of the CIO United Automobile Workers, was shot and severely wounded in his suburban Detroit home. At 9:55 p.m. an unknown assailant fired a shotgun blast through a kitchen window, seriously wounding Reuther. The controversial labor leader was rushed to a hospital where he received blood transfusions and was immediately taken to surgery. Reuther survived, but the would-be assassin was never captured. with flowers. Charles was baptized in a silver lily font first made for Queen Victoria. strength.ö pholder of the constitution or of Christianity, and condemned the Klan for preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Shortly after 5:00 p.m. on January 30, 1948, on his way through the Birla House garden to deliver his daily public prayer, Mohandas Gandhi was shot three times in the stomach and chest by a Hindu Nationalist. Already weak from fasting for communal peace, the Mahatma (ÆGreat SoulÆ)died half an hour later. GandhiÆs death made news around the world. The assassin was 25-year-old Narayan Vinayak Gadse, a newspaper editor who blamed Gandhi for the partition of India. GandhiÆs of India. in a silver lily font first made for Queen Victoria. strength.ö pholder of the constitution or of Christianity, and condemned the Klan for preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. At the opening of the Republican convention in Philadelphia on June 21, 1948, delegates fell into two distinct groups. One, committed to a frontal attack against the New Deal, was led by Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft. More moderate forces were represented by Harold Stassen and Senator Vandenburg, both of whom emphasized world problems rather than domestic issues, and by New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey. DeweyÆs stature had been enhanced by state legislation favoring minority groups, and he eventually received the nomination with a unanimous vote on the third ballot. stitution or of Christianity, and condemned the Klan for preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Harry Truman returned to his feisty, populist roots in the 1948 campaign, determined to win the presidency on his own. His opponent, Republican Thomas E. Dewey, was young, dynamic, and considered invincible. But Truman countered by covering 21,928 miles in the eight weeks prior to election day, much of it in a ôwhistle-stopö railroad tour of small towns across the country. Although many praised Truman for his efforts, most politicians still believed he would lose. Truman proved them all wrong: on November 2 he received over 24 million popular votes and 303 electoral votes to win the election. , and condemned the Klan for preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 30th National Convention of the Democratic Party convened on July 12, 1948, in Philadelphia. For the first time in 16 years, the personal magic of Franklin Roosevelt was unavailable. The incumbent, Harry Truman, was the only man who seemed to want to run against the office-hungry Republicans. The leaders, the bosses, and the delegates all got on the Truman Bandwagon because it was the only ride in town. With 618 votes needed to nail the nomination, Truman was named on the first ballot. Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn announced officially declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 1948 presidential campaign was Republican Thomas E. DeweyÆs second time out, but the picture looked much brighter this time. The formidable F.D.R. was no longer his opponent; Harry Truman was in the White House by default, quarreling with Congress and making enemies. Most political experts had tabbed Truman as a pushover. As a result, Dewey ran a safe and low-key campaign, supporting a moderate Republican platform which echoed popular Democratic positions on housing, inflation, wages, taxation, civil rights, and the United Nations. cially declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On July 17, 1948, the National States Rights Party, otherwise known as the ôDixiecrats,ö convened in Birmingham, Alabama. The party was a Democratic splinter group opposed to federal civil rights legislation. South Carolina Governor J. Strom Thurmond was nominated as the partyÆs presidential candidate, with Mississippi Governor Fielding Wright as his running mate. The pair gathered 1,169,021 popular votes, 39 electoral votes and carried 4 southern states in the general election. , wages, taxation, civil rights, and the United Nations. cially declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On December 29, 1947, Democrat Henry A. Wallace announced his candidacy for the presidency on a third-party platform. Wallace, who had once been vice-president under Franklin D. Roosevelt, believed in a peaceful approach to the Soviet Union; he called the Democrats ôthe war partyö and said that Harry TrumanÆs anti-Soviet policies would lead to World War III. On July 22, 1948, the Independent Progressive Party nominated Wallace for president and Glen Taylor as vice-president. They received 1,157,172 votes in the November general election. ially declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Early in 1948, Harry Truman predicted he would be elected president against all odds. He was right. Republican candidate Thomas Dewey led in early returns, and on election eve the evening Chicago Tribune hit the streets with the headline, ôDewey Defeats Truman.ö But by 6 oÆclock the next morning, Dewey had 186 electoral votes and Truman 221. The vote seesawed until 10:15 that morning, when Dewey conceded the election and sent Truman a congratulatory wire. TrumanÆs comment: ôAnother four years of hard work ahead.ö general election. ially declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Cleveland Indians interrupted the New York YankeesÆ domination of the American League when they captured the pennant in a one-game playoff with the Boston Red Sox. The final score was 8-3 in the October 4 game at BostonÆs Fenway Park. Manager-shortstop Lou Boudreau led Cleveland down the stretch to a tie with the Red Sox, and then to victory in the playoff game, with four base hits and a key home run. The Indians then played their way to victory over the Boston Braves in the World Series. rs of hard work ahead.ö general election. ially declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Left-hander Gene Beardon shut out the Braves in his only series start, and pitched with great tenacity to save the Cleveland triumph in the final game of the 1948 World Series. In this final contest, Bob Lemon was coasting with a 4-1 lead when the Braves rallied in the eighth inning. Beardon - with a metal plate in his head due to injuries he suffered in World War II - replaced Lemon, and Phil MasiÆs double cut the Cleveland lead to 4-3. Then in the ninth inning, Beardon held the Sox at bay to give the Indians the victory. l election. ially declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. CalumentÆs Citation, with jockey Eddie Arcaro in the silks, defeated stablemate Coaltown and a field of four other horses in the 74th Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs in 1948. Arcaro became the first jockey to win the Louisville racing classic four times. Coaltown broke first, but Citation pulled even at the turn into the homestretch, and then moved in front, outside the three-sixteenths pole. Time for the Derby was 2:05 2/5, with a total of $83,400 going to the winner out of a purse $111,450. give the Indians the victory. l election. ially declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. A Georgia Tech fumble preserved a 20-14 victory for the Engineers over the Kansas Jayhawkers, in the Orange Bowl at Miami. Southern Methodist University, led by All-American Doak Walker, put its unbeaten streak on the line against Penn State in the Cotton Bowl at Dallas. Both teams left the field still unbeaten after a 13-13 tie. The mighty Michigan Wolverines set a modern Rose Bowl scoring record by routing USC 49-0. The Texas Longhorns outclassed Alabama by a score of 27-7 before 72,000 fans in the 14th annual Sugar Bowl at New Orleans. ly declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The referees did a magnificent job of finding players and the ball in this weirdest of all Pro Football Title Games on December 19, 1948. As the Philadelphia Eagles and Chicago Cardinals took the field at game time, four inches of snow covered the field, a blizzard was raging, and in every respect the playing conditions were the worst ever seen for a football game. As the game began, the linemarkers were completely invisible. The Eagles persevered a 7-0 victory in what was later titled ôThe Game That Never Should Have Been Played.ö leans. ly declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Luxury had a heyday in 1948. Furs were popular: long fur coats with decorated buttons from neck to hem, long mink stoles, ermine and fox wraps. In bathing wear, the strapless suit made a splash on the beach, along with a then-daring two piece bathing suit, forerunner to the bikini of the future. he playing conditions were the worst ever seen for a football game. As the game began, the linemarkers were completely invisible. The Eagles persevered a 7-0 victory in what was later titled ôThe Game That Never Should Have Been Played.ö leans. ly declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. President Harry S. Truman was the first newly-elected president to be inaugurated on the new date of January 20, 1949. Chief Justice Fred Vinson administered the oath to Mr. Truman in a ceremony conducted before about 44,000 people. Delivering his inaugural address, the President outlined a four-point program for the United States: 1) support the United Nations; 2) continue the Marshall Plan; 3) support the North Atlantic Alliance; and 4) pledge to make our scientific and industrial advances available to the worldÆs underdeveloped areas. ly declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Eiffel Tower was designed by French engineer Alexander Gustave Eiffel and was erected in 1889 for the Paris Exposition held from May 6 to November 6. Three platforms are reached by stairs and elevators. In 1889, the Eiffel Tower was visited by two million people, and since then has accommodated as many as 22,000 visitors a day. Meteorological and wireless stations and a television tower were added atop the tower as years went on. For its first 50 years the Eiffel Tower was the tallest structure in the world. s underdeveloped areas. ly declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In 1949, former New York Giant Danny Gardella sued baseball for $300,000 in a challenge to the reserve clause, which prohibited a player from making a deal with any but his own team. At the time of the suit, Gardella was banned from baseball for five years because he had jumped to the Mexican League during the 1946 season. Following GardellaÆs action, baseball Commissioner ôHappyö Chandler declared a general amnesty for all blacklisted, ex-Mexican Leaguers. The Gardella case was settled out of court for an undisclosed sum. oped areas. ly declared Truman and running mate Alben Barkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On April 1, 1948, Soviet Russia established a blockade of all road, rail, and water routes to Berlin through Soviet-controlled East Germany. The Soviets wanted complete control of the half-communist, half-western city, which would starve and freeze to death without supplies from West Germany. On June 26, 1948, the U.S. organized a colossal air transport system to keep a steady flow of supplies going into Berlin. English and American planes ran an around-the-clock shuttle service into BerlinÆs Templehof Airport for nearly one year. The Soviet Union lifted the blockade in May 1949. arkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. James Forrestal became the nationÆs first Secretary of Defense in 1947, heading the newly organized National Military Establishment. Forrestal retired from government service on March 28, 1949, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. He entered Bethesda Naval Hospital five days later with a condition diagnosed as excessive occupational fatigue. On May 22, 1949, Forrestal jumped to his death from the 16th floor of the hospital. President Truman said, ôHe was as truly a casualty of the war as if he had died on the firing line.ö iet Union lifted the blockade in May 1949. arkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On March 20, 1946, Mildred E. Gillars was arrested in Berlin, Germany. She was better known to American GIs as ôAxis Sally,ö the woman who made radio broadcasts in an effort to undermine morale. Brought back to the United States to stand trial for treason, Gillars pleaded not guilty. The jury returned a verdict of guilty on one of eight counts of treason after deliberating for 17 hours. Gillars was sentenced on March 26, 1949, to 10 to 30 years in prison and fined $10,000. ly a casualty of the war as if he had died on the firing line.ö iet Union lifted the blockade in May 1949. arkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. In San Marino, California on April 8, 1949, a little girl of three, Kathy Fiscus, suddenly disappeared from sight. She had fallen through a 14-inch wide opening to an abandoned 120Æ-deep water well. Within an hour, drills, derricks, bulldozers, trucks, and three giant cranes were at the scene. Volunteers worked frantically to rescue Kathy from her hazardous confinement. But at 6 p.m. on April 10, a doctor who had been lowered down to the 92-foot level pronounced Kathy Fiscus dead. y of the war as if he had died on the firing line.ö iet Union lifted the blockade in May 1949. arkley as the 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. From 1937, to 1945, the Chinese Communists of Mao Tse-tung and the Kuomintang forces of General Chiang Kai-shek fought together against the Japanese. But after the defeat of the common enemy, civil war broke out between the two groups. At stake was control of the largest country in the world. U.S. leaders reported that Chiang Kai-shekÆs Kuomintang regime was corrupt and had lost the peopleÆs support. When the Communist forces conquered Shanghai on May 25 of 1949, it was obvious that the they would win the Civil War. The Communists proclaimed the PeopleÆs Republic of China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Ebbets Field in Brooklyn was the scene of the 16th annual All-Star Game on July 12, 1949. The American League came out on top, 11-7, in an exhibition which displayed the great American pastime at its finest and clumsiest. Five errors led to the National LeagueÆs downfall. The American League, after blowing an early 4-0 lead, regained its advantage when Eddie Joost sent a twisting one-hopper to the right side which rolled into right field for a two-run single. 9, it was obvious that the they would win the Civil War. The Communists proclaimed the PeopleÆs Republic of China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Dual shutouts were hurled by YankeesÆ Allie Reynolds and the DodgersÆ Preacher Roe in games one and two of in the 1949 fall classic. After these brilliant performances, things settled back to normal as the Yankees swept the next three games for a four-games-to-one series win. In the first game, Reynolds blanked the Dodgers on two hits. Then Roe pitched a shutout in the second game, frustrating Yankee pitcher Vic Raschi who was himself just one run away from matching RoeÆs shutout performance. ld win the Civil War. The Communists proclaimed the PeopleÆs Republic of China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Before 102,443 fans at PhiladelphiaÆs Municipal Stadium - including President Harry Truman and British Field Marshall Bernard Montgomery - Army gave Navy its worst beating in the 50 years of the inter-service rivalry. Scoring in every period, the Cadets ended an unbeaten season with a 38-0 rout of the Midshipmen on November 26, 1949. With ôTö formation quarterback Arnold Galiffa calling the plays, the Black Knights of the Hudson rolled up 27 first downs, 310 yards rushing and 149 yards passing. Fullback Gil Stephenson scored three of the six Army touchdowns. ic of China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The biggest crowd in Orange Bowl history, 60,523, saw Texas outlast Georgia by a score of 41-28. With three minutes left to play in the game, Northwestern scored a 43-yard touchdown to squeak out a 20-14 victory over the University of California in PasadenaÆs Rose Bowl. It was Mustangs against Ducks as Southern Methodist took the 13th Annual Cotton Bowl Classic by a score of 21-13 against the University of Oregon. And Oklahoma linebacker Merle Greathouse raced 72 yards to help upset North Carolina 14-6 before 82,000 fans in the Sugar Bowl at New Orleans. ns. ic of China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The 1950 NFL title game was one of the all-time playoff thrillers, as two evenly matched clubs led by great quarterbacks - the BrownsÆ Otto Graham and the RamsÆ Bob Waterfield - put on a fine show. After only 27 seconds of the first period had elapsed, Waterfield threw to Glenn Davis for 82 yards and a 7-0 lead. With 28 seconds left at the end of the game, Graham led a final drive. Lou Groza then booted a 16-yard field goal, giving the Browns a thrilling 30-28 triumph on December 24, 1950. arolina 14-6 before 82,000 fans in the Sugar Bowl at New Orleans. ns. ic of China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Trailing a field of 14 after half a mile, 16-1 longshot CalumetÆs Ponder, ridden by Steve Brooks, suddenly burst ahead to finish three lengths ahead of Capot, ridden by Ted Atkinson, and win the 75th running of the Kentucky Derby. Capot was leading until just a few hundred yards from the finish . It was the 4th Derby win for Calumet, and a record 5th for trainer Ben Jones. Ponder earned $91,600 of the $119,650, and ran the mile and a quarter in 2:04 1/5. 30-28 triumph on December 24, 1950. arolina 14-6 before 82,000 fans in the Sugar Bowl at New Orleans. ns. ic of China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The top fashion for men in 1949 was... nothing. The Mr. America Contest celebrated muscles and physique, and dozens of brawny contestants flexed and posed their way toward the title. In the end, of course, only one could win: on the basis of his superior deltoids and triceps, Jack Dillinger became Mr. America 1949. in for Calumet, and a record 5th for trainer Ben Jones. Ponder earned $91,600 of the $119,650, and ran the mile and a quarter in 2:04 1/5. 30-28 triumph on December 24, 1950. arolina 14-6 before 82,000 fans in the Sugar Bowl at New Orleans. ns. ic of China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Eugenio Pacelli, Pius XII, the first Pope from Rome since 1730, brought the Roman Catholic ChurchÆs 25th Holy Year to a close on Christmas Eve, 1950. He placed the first bricks to seal the Holy Door of St. PeterÆs Basilica in Rome until l975. The next day he signed a Papal bull - a solemn papal letter sealed with a bulla or a red-ink imprint of the device on the bulla - that extended the Holy YearÆs spiritual benefits to all people, in 1951. 2:04 1/5. 30-28 triumph on December 24, 1950. arolina 14-6 before 82,000 fans in the Sugar Bowl at New Orleans. ns. ic of China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The Potsdam Conference of 1945 declared that all Japanese forces north of the 38th Parallel in Korea surrender to the Russians, while those in the south would capitulate to the Americans. The 38th Parallel became a Korean Iron Curtain where two antagonistic regimes faced each other, each claiming jurisdiction over the whole of Korea. When fighting broke out, the U.N. Security Council provided for an international military effort to aid South Korea. On July 7, 1950, President Truman designated General Douglas MacArthur as Commander in Chief of the unified command. f China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. By July 31, 1950, one month after the invasion of the Republic of [South] Korea by the North Koreans, the North Korean Army was only 30 miles from Pusan. United Nations reinforcements arrived in Pusan, led by American General Walton Walker. By September 23, it became obvious that WalkerÆs troops had won the perimeter battles, and that the advance by the North Korean Army was halted. While the last desperate fighting was still going on around the perimeter, the first convoys were already leaving Japan en route to the American landing at Inchon. e unified command. f China on October 2, 1949. he 1948 Democratic nominees. preaching hatred of blacks, Jews, and Catholics. ew nation within a few hours. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. The multi-national United Nations forces in Korea were primarily American troops: 5,720,000 GIs took part in the war. Other statistics included: Countries participating: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, The Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, the Union of South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States. Medical Units were sent by Denmark, Italy, India, Norway, and Sweden. Casualties: United States - 157,530; United Nations - 17,260; Republic of Korea Military - 300,000; Republic of Korea Civilians - about 1 million; Chinese troops - about 1 million; North Korea Military - about 1/2 million; North Korea Civilians - about 1 million. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Harry Truman, in explaining his ôupsetö win of the 1948 elections, criticized political polltakers and especially radio commentators. He described how early on election night, November 2, he heard radioÆs H. V. Kaltenborn stating that Mr. Truman would surely be defeated by an overwhelming majority. By 4 the next morning, Kaltenborn reported that Truman had the lead, but still mispredicted that the final resolution would go to the House of Representatives. Truman imitated KaltenbornÆs famous staccato delivery to the delight of his audience. Republic of Korea Civilians - about 1 million; Chinese troops - about 1 million; North Korea Military - about 1/2 million; North Korea Civilians - about 1 million. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. Communist Chinese troops crossed the Yalu River from Manchuria on October 25, 1950, to aid the North Koreans in their drive against the Allies. On November 25, 1950, at the Chongchon River, American troops walked into a Chinese trap that MacArthur called the beginning of a new war with Red China. After four days of battle, U.S. and other U.N. troops began withdrawing from the Chongchon, but the withdrawal rapidly turned into a hurried retreat. In one day, a single U.S. division incurred 3,000 casualties and lost nearly all its equipment. Republic of Korea Civilians - about 1 million; Chinese troops - about 1 million; North Korea Military - about 1/2 million; North Korea Civilians - about 1 million. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On September 15, 1950, in a move that altered the course of the Korean war, U.S. troops made a surprise amphibious landing at Inchon, the main port for Seoul, on KoreaÆs west coast. U.S. Marine divisions were first to move in on Inchon, followed by Army troops and other U.N. forces. After the success of the landings, the U.S. believed the North Korean Army would be demolished. However, the optimism proved premature: the war continued for three more years. single U.S. division incurred 3,000 casualties and lost nearly all its equipment. Republic of Korea Civilians - about 1 million; Chinese troops - about 1 million; North Korea Military - about 1/2 million; North Korea Civilians - about 1 million. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. By the end of November 1950, North Korean forces backed by Chinese troops had widened the wedge between U.N. troops in the west and east. The overextended U.N. forces began withdrawing from Pyongyang toward Hungnam port in the east. Altogether 105,000 military personnel and 91,000 Korean refugees, many of whom had marched from Chosin, were evacuated from Hungnam to Pusan. The Hungnam evacuation was completed on December 24; as the last ship steamed south on Christmas Day, North Korea was once again under Communist control. its equipment. Republic of Korea Civilians - about 1 million; Chinese troops - about 1 million; North Korea Military - about 1/2 million; North Korea Civilians - about 1 million. submachine gun. Long died two days later. The attacker, Carl Weiss of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, aged 29, was a disturbed doctor from Tulane Medical School who shot Long to avenge a political slight to his father-in-law. ) had gained him much support among the senior citizenry. Townsend, Coughlin and ultra-conservative Gerald L.K. Smith joined to create the Union Party in 1936 in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the next president of the United States. n: ôHERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.ö the Americans made it possible for the Allies to mount a counteroffensive. ed to appoint him Secretary of State, at which time Wilson and his vice president would resign. Hughes, as Secretary of State and next in line for the presidency at that time, would have assumed the office of the presidency immediately. On November 22, 1950, two crowded Long Island commuter trains collided in an accident that killed 79 passengers and injured over 300 others. A rush-hour train jammed with 1,000 commuters and holiday travelers barrelled into a stalled train with 1,200 passengers, leaving a mass of mangled bodies, twisted metal, and broken glass. All night, police, firemen, doctors, nurses, and stretcher-bearers crawled over the wreckage illuminated by the eerie flame of acetylene torches. The catastrophe created a storm of criticism of railway safety. nt. Republic of Korea Civilian
